JOURNAL CONTENT
CONTACT

Submission of the manuscript is online via e-mail
ecgarticle@gmail.com or
cholerez@mail.ru

Tel: +7 903 250 5288

Editorial Correspondence e-mail
gastrossr@gmail.com


Publishing, Subscriptions, Sales and Advertising, Correspondence e-mail
journal@cniig.ru

Tel: +7 917 561 9505

THE RULES OF SUBMITTING AN ARTICLE

READ

Scimago Journal & Country Rank

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

LECTIONS

    1. Saint-Petersburg Northwest State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov (Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation)

    Abstract:The review examined modern condition of development directions physiology of digestion, like structure and function of the intestinal barrier, the microbiota of the digestive tract in its relations with the microorganism.

      1. Руш К., Петерс У. Кишечник - центр управления иммунной системы // Биологическая медицина. - 2003. - Март. - С. 4-8.
      2. Antoine, J. M. Probiotics: beneficial factors of the defence system / J. M. Antoine // Proc. Nutr. Soc. - 2010. - Vol. 69, N3. - P. 429-433.
      3. Assimakopoulos, S. F. Pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice / S. F. Assimakopoulos, C. D. Scopa, C. E. Vagianos // World J. Gastroenterol. - 2007. - Vol. 13, N48. - P. 6458-6464.
      4. Bile modulates intestinal epithelial barrier function via an extracellular signal related kinase 1/2 dependent mechanism / R. Yang [et al.] // Intensive Care Med. - 2005. - Vol. 31, N5. - P. 709-717.
      5. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability / P. D. Cani [et al.] // Gut. - 2009. - Vol. 58, N8. - P. 1091-1103.
      6. Collett, A. Rapid induction of P-glycoprotein expression by high permeability compounds in colonic cells in vitro: a possible source of transporter mediated drug interactions? / A. Collett, J. Tanianis-Hughes, G. Warhurst // Biochem. Pharmacol. - 2004. - Vol. 68, N4. - P. 783-790.
      7. Commensal microflora induce host defense and decrease bacterial translocation in burn mice through toll-like receptor 4 / L. W. Chen [et al.] // J. Biomed. Sci. - 2010. - N17. - P. 48.
      8. Conroy, M. E. Intestinal immune health / M. E. Conroy, W. A. Walker // Nestle Nutr. Workshop Ser. Pediatr. Program. - 2008. - Vol. 62. - P. 111-121.
      9. Deplancke, B. Microbial modulation of innate defense: goblet cells and the intestinal mucus layer / B. Deplancke, H. R. Gaskins // Am. J. Clin. Nutr. - 2001. - Vol. 73, N6. - P. 1131S-1141S.
      10. Ding, L. A. Gut in diseases: physiological elements and their clinical significance / L. A. Ding, J. S. Li // World J. Gastroenterol. - 2003. - Vol. 9, N11. - P. 2385-2389.
      11. Efferent vagal nerve stimulation attenuates gut barrier injury after burn: modulation of intestinal occludin expression / T. W. Costantini [et al.] // J. Trauma. - 2010. - Vol. 68, N6. - P. 1349-1354.
      12. Formyl peptide receptor-1 activation enhances intestinal epithelial cell restitution through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 / B. A. Babbin [et al.] // J. Immunol. - 2007. - Vol. 179, N12. - P. 8112-8121.
      13. Gut barrier disruption by an enteric bacterial pathogen accelerates insulitis in NOD mice / A. S. Lee [et al.] // Diabetologia. - 2010. - Vol. 53, N4. - P. 741-748.
      14. Hansen, J. The role of mucosal immunity and host genetics in defining intestinal commensal bacteria / J. Hansen, A. Gulati, R. B. Sartor // Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. - 2010. - Vol. 26, N6. - P. 564-571.
      15. Hollande, F. Signaling the junctions in gut epithelium / F. Hollande, A. Shulkes, G. S. Baldwin // Sci. STKE. 2005. - 2005. - N. 277. - P. pe13.
      16. Host-bacterial symbiosis in health and disease / J. Chow [et al.] // Adv. Immunol. - 2010. - Vol. 107. - P. 243-274.
      17. Hydrophobicity of mucosal surface and its relationship to gut barrier function / X. Qin [et al.] // Shock. - 2008. - Vol. 29, N3. - P. 372-376.
      18. Interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics and diet relevant to development of metabolic syndromes in mice / C. Zhang [et al.] // ISME J. - 2010. - Vol. 4, N2. - P. 232-241.
      19. Kelly, D. Commensal gut bacteria: mechanisms of immune modulation / D. Kelly, S. Conway, R. Aminov // Trends Immunol. - 2005. - Vol. 26, N6. - P. 326-333.
      20. Lee, Y. K. Has the microbiota played a critical role in the evolution of the adaptive immune system? / Y. K. Lee, S. K. Mazmanian // Science. - 2010. - Vol. 330, N6012. - P. 1768-1773.
      21. Liu, Z. Tight junctions, leaky intestines, and pediatric diseases / Z. Liu, N. Li, J. Neu // Acta Paediatr. - 2005. - Vol. 94, N4. - P. 386-393.
      22. Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: effects on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in gastrostomy-fed infant rats / N. Li [et al.] // Pediatr. Res. - 2009. - Vol. 66, N2. - P. 203-207.
      23. MacDonald, T. T. Bacterial regulation of intestinal immune responses / T.T. MacDonald, J. N. Gordon // Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. - 2005. - Vol. 34, N3. - P. 401-412.
      24. Magalhaes, J. G. The intestinal epithelial barrier: how to distinguish between the microbial flora and pathogens / J. G. Magalhaes, I. Tattoli, S. E. Girardin // Semin. Immunol. - 2007. - Vol. 19, N2. - P. 106-115.
      25. Mai, V. Colonic bacterial flora: changing understandings in the molecular age / V. Mai, J. G. Morris // J. Nutr. - 2004. - Vol. 134, N2. - P. 459-464.
      26. McCracken, V. J. The gastrointestinal ecosystem: a precarious alliance among epithelium, immunity and microbiota / V.J. McCracken, R. G. Lorenz // Cell Microbiol. - 2001. - Vol. 3, N1. - P. 1-11.
      27. Mechanism of intestinal-derived fungal sepsis by gliotoxin, a fungal metabolite / J. S. Upperman [et al.] // J. Pediatr. Surg. - 2003. - Vol. 38, N6. - P. 966-970.
      28. Migeotte, I. Formyl peptide receptors: a promiscuous subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors controlling immune responses / I. Migeotte, D. Communi, M. Parmentier // Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. - 2006. - Vol. 17, N6. - P. 501-519.
      29. Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine / L. V. Hooper [et al.] // Science. - 2001. - Vol. 291, N5505. - P. 881-884.
      30. Mosenthal, A. C. Elemental and intravenous total parenteral nutrition diet-induced gut barrier failure is intestinal site specific and can be prevented by feeding nonfermentable fiber / A. C. Mosenthal, D. Xu, E. A. Deitch // Crit. Care Med. - 2002. - Vol. 30, N2. - 396-402.
      31. Neish, A. S. Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease / A. S. Neish // Gastroenterology. - 2009. - Vol. 136, N1. - P. 65-80.
      32. Neu, J. Perinatal and neonatal manipulation of the intestinal microbiome: a note of caution / J. Neu // Nutr. Rev. - 2007. - Vol. 65, N6 (Pt. 1). - P. 282-285.
      33. Neutrophil-mediated epithelial injury during transmigration: role of elastase / H. H. Ginzberg [et al.] // Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. - 2001. - Vol. 281, N3. - P. G705-G717.
      34. Patterns and scales in gastrointestinal microbial ecology / J. G. Camp [et al.] // Gastroenterology. - 2009. - Vol. 136, N6. - P. 1989-2002.
      35. Polyunsaturated fatty acids support epithelial barrier integrity and reduce IL-4 mediated permeability in vitro / L. E. Willemsen [et al.] // Eur. J. Nutr. - 2008. - Vol. 47, N4. - P. 183-191.
      36. Predicting P-glycoprotein effects on oral absorption: correlation of transport in Caco-2 with drug pharmacokinetics in wild-type and mdr1a(-/-) mice in vivo / A. Collett [et al.] // Pharm. Res. - 2004. - Vol. 21, N5. - 819-826.
      37. Prophylactic treatment with growth hormone improves intestinal barrier function and alleviates bacterial translocation in stressed rats / L. A. Ding [et al.] // Chin. Med. J. (Engl.). - 2004. - Vol. 117, N2. - P. 264-269.
      38. Protection against early intestinal compromise by lipid-rich enteral nutrition through cholecystokinin receptors / J.J. de Haan [et al.] // Crit. Care Med. - 2010. - Vol. 38, N7. - P. 1592-1597.
      39. Region-dependent modulation of intestinal permeability by drug efflux transporters: in vitro studies in mdr1a(-/-) mouse intestine / R. H. Stephens [et al.] // J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. - 2002. - Vol. 303, N3. - P. 1095-1101.
      40. Role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in gut barrier failure / D. A. Potoka [et al.] // World J. Surg. - 2002. - Vol. 26, N7. - P. 806-811.
      41. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain UFMG 905 protects against bacterial translocation, preserves gut barrier integrity and stimulates the immune system in a murine intestinal obstruction model / S. V. Generoso [et al.] // Arch. Microbiol. - 2010. - Vol. 192, N6. - P. 477-484.
      42. Sanz, Y. Gut microbiota and probiotics in modulation of epithelium and gut-associated lymphoid tissue function / Y. Sanz, G. De Palma // Int. Rev. Immunol. - 2009. - Vol. 28, N6. - P. 397-413.
      43. Sharma, R. Molecular modulation of intestinal epithelial barrier: contribution of microbiota / R. Sharma, C. Young, J. Neu // J. Biomed. Biotechnol. - 2010. - Vol. 2010: 305879.
      44. The role of bifidobacteria in gut barrier function after thermal injury in rats / Z. Wang [et al.] // J. Trauma. - 2006. - Vol. 61, N3. - P. 650-657.
      45. Thompson, A. J. Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like RNA helicases and the antiviral innate immune response / A. J. Thompson, S. A. Locarnini // Immunol. Cell Biol. - 2007. - Vol. 85, N6. - P. 435-445.
     


    Full text is published :
    Mar’yanovich A.T. THE INTESTINAL BARRIER, THE MICROBIOTA, MICROBIOME. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2016;126(02):64-69
    Read & Download full text

    1. Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University (Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation)

    Abstract:Article (literature review) is devoted to the actual problem of osteopenia and osteoporosis in children with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

      1. Cohen RD. The quality of life in patients with Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002; 16:1603-9.
      2. Mcleod RS, Churchill DN, Lock AM, Vanderburgh S, Cohen Z. Quality of life of patients with ulcerative colitis preoperatively and postoperatively. Gastroenterology. 1991; 101: 1307-13.
      3. Корниенко Е. А. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника у детей. Москва, 2014.
      4. Bailey DA, Martin AD, McKay HA, Whiting S, Mirwald R. Calcium ac- cretion in girls and boys during puberty: a longitudinal analysis. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:2245-50.
      5. Zhang С. Liu Z, Klein G. L. Overview of pediatric bone problems and related osteoporosis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2012; 12(3):174-182
      6. Holick MF. Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):51-108
      7. Compston JE, Judd D, Crawley EO, et al. Osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1987;28:410-5.
      8. Dinca M, Fries W, Luisetto G, et al. Evolution of osteopenia in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1292-7.
      9. Bjarnason I, Macpherson A, Mackintosh C, et al. Reduced bone density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1997;40:228-33.
      10. Pollak RD, Karmeli F, Eliakim R, et al. Femoral neck osteopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1483-90.
      11. Jahnsen J, Falch JA, Mowinckel P, et al. Bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based prospective two-year follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004;39:145-53.
      12. Ardizzone S, Bollani S, Bettica P, et al. Altered bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease: there is a difference between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. J Intern Med 2000;247:63-70.
      13. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: guidelines in osteoporosis in gastrountestinal diseases. Gastroenterology. 2003; 124: 791-4.
      14. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Leslie W, et al. The incidence of fracture among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:795-9.
      15. Card T, West J, Hubbard R, et al. Hip fractures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their relationship to corticosteroid use: a population based cohort study. Gut 2004;53:251-5.
      16. World Health Organization. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1994;843:1-129.
      17. Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Delmas P, et al. Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2005;20:1185-94.
      18. Markula-Patjas KP, Valta HL, Kerttula LI, Soini IH, Honkanen VE, Toiviainen-Salo SM, et al. Prevalence of vertebral compression fractures and associated factors in children and adolescents with severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2012;39:365-73.
      19. Sbrocchi AM, Rauch F, Matziner M, Feber J, Ward LM. Vertebral frac- tures despite normal spine bone mineral density in a boy with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2011;26:139-42.
      20. Bianchi ML, Baim S, Bishop NJ, et al. Official positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry on DXA evaluation in children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:37-47.
      21. Gordon CM et al. 2013 Pediatric Position Development Conference: executive summary and reflections. J Clin Densitom. 2014 Apr-Jun;17(2):219-24.
      22. Kappelman M., Galanko J., Porter C., Sandler S. The risk of diagnosed fractures in children with inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011 May; 17(5): 1125-1130.
      23. Landin LA. Fracture patterns in children. Analysis of 8682 fractures with special reference to incidence, etiology and secular changes in a Swedish urban population 1950-1979. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1983;202: 1-109.
      24. Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Dekutoski MB, Achenbach SJ, Ober AL, Riggs BL. Incidece of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: f population-based study. JAMA. 2003; 290:1479-85.
      25. Semeao EJ, Stallings VA, Peck SN, Piccoli DA. Vertabral compression fractures in pediatric patients with Cron’s disease. Gut. 2002; 51:654-8.
      26. Laakso S, Valta H, Verkasalo M, Toiviainen-Salo S, Makitie. Compromised Peak Bone Mass in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Prospective Study. Pediatr 2014;164:1436-43.
      27. Mauro M, Armstrong D. Juvenile onset of Crohn’s disease: a risk factor for reduced lumbar bone mass in premenopausal women. Bone 2007;40: 1290-3.
      28. Sylvester FA, Wyzga N, Hyams JS, Davis PM, Lerer M, Vance K, et al. Natural history of bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13: 42-50.
      29. Sylvester FA, Leopold S, Lincoln M, Hyams JS, Griffiths AM, Lerer T. A two-year longitudinal study of persistent lean tissue def- icits in children with Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:452-5.
      30. Pappa HM, Saslowsky TM, Filip-Dhima R, DiFabio D, Lahsinoui HH, Akkad A, et al. Efficacy and harms of nasal calcitonin in improving bone density in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:1527-43.
      31. Tilg H, Moschen A, Kaser A, Pines A, Dotan I. Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: basic and clinical concepts. Gut 2008;57:684-694.
      32. Theill LE, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM. RANK-L and RANK: T cells, bone loss, and mammalian evolution. Annu Rev Immunol 2002;20:795-823.
      33. Moschen AR, Kaser A, Enrich B, et al. The RANKL/OPG system is activated in inflammatory bowel disease and relates to the state of bone loss. Gut 2005;54:479-87.
      34. Nahid L, Leach S, Sidler M, Levin A, Lemberg D, Day A. Osteoprotegerin in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease and the Effects of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:516-523.
      35. Ghosh S, Cowen S, Hannan WJ, Ferguson A. Low bone mineral density in Crohn’s disease, but not in ulcerative colitis, at diagnosis. Gastroenterology 1994; 107:1031-1039.
      36. Ryan et al. Current management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: variations in awareness and management. Ir J Med Sci. 2004 Jan-Mar;173(1):20-2.
      37. Bernstein et al. Therapy insight: Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease - advances and retreats. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 May;2(5):232-9.
      38. Veerappan S, Healy M, Walsh B, O’Morain C, Daly J, Ryan B. Adalimumab Therapy Has a Beneficial Effect on Bone Metabolism in Patients with Crohn’s Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2119-2129
      39. Thayu M, Leonard MB, Hyams JS, Crandall WV, Kugathasan S, Otley AR, et al. Improvement in biomarkers of bone formation during infliximab therapy in pediatric Crohn’s disease: results of the REACH study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(12):1378-84.
      40. Hill et al. Bones in pediatric Crohn’s disease: A review of fracture risk in children and adults. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2011;17 (5): 1223-1228.
      41. Pazianas M, Rhim AD, Weinberg AM, et al. The effect of anti- TNF-alpha therapy on spinal bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006;1068:543-56.
      42. Paganelli M, Albanese C, Borrelli O, et al. Inflammation is the main determinant of low bone mineral density in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13:416-23.
      43. Kung Sutherland MS, Lipps SG, Patnaik N, et al. SP500263, a novel SERM, blocks osteoclastogenesis in a human bone cell model: role of IL-6 and GM-CSF. Cytokine 2003;23:1-14.
      44. Ruemmele FM et al. Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn’s disease, J Crohns Colitis (2014).
      45. Потапов А. С. и др. Клиническая картина, диагностика и лечение язвенного колита у детей: Россииский педиатрический консенсус. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2013; 12 (3): 18-30
      46. Targownik LE, Singh H, Nugent Z, Bernstein CN. Prescription drug use in IBD: a population based study. Gastroenterology 2011; 140 (5S1): S778- S779.
      47. Card T, West J, Hubbard R, Logan RF. Hip fractures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their relationship to corticosteroid use: a population based cohort study. Gut 2004; 53:251-255.
      48. van Staa TP. The pathogenesis, epidemiology and management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2006; 79:129-137.
      49. Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Metge C, Yogendran M. The association between corticosteroid use and development of fractures among IBD patients in a population-based database. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:1797-1801.
      50. Ford AC, Bernstein CN, Khan KJ, et al. Glucocorticosteroid therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:590-599; quiz 600.
      51. Gudbjornsson B, Juliusson UI, Gudjonsson FV. Prevalence of long term steroid treatment and the frequency of decision making to prevent steroid induced osteoporosis in daily clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis, 2002, 61(1):32-36.
      52. van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int, 2002, 13(10):777-787
      53. Van Staa TP, Leufkens HG, Abenhaim L, Zhang B, Cooper C (2000) Use of oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures. J Bone Miner Res 15(6):993-1000
      54. Kanis JA et al. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a systematic review and cost-utility analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2007 Mar;11(7): iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-231.
      55. De Vries F, Bracke M, Leufkens HG, Lammers JW, Cooper C, Van Staa TP. Fracture risk with intermittent high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Rheum, 2007, 56(1):208-214
      56. Compston J. Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010, 6(2):82-88
      57. Dubner SE, Shults J, Baldassano RN et al. Longitudinal assessment of bone density and structure in an incident cohort of children with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2009; 136:123-30.
      58. Lopes LH, Sdepanian VL, Szejnfeld VL, de Morais MB, Fagundes- Neto U. Risk factors for low bone mineral density in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 2008;53:2746-53.
      59. Boot AM, Bouquet J, Krenning EP, de Munck Kezer-Schrama SM. Bone mineral density and nutritional status in children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1998;42:188-94.
      60. Adachi JD, Rostom A. Metabolic bone disease in adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1999; 5: 200-11
      61. Den Uyl D, Bultink IE, Lems WF. Advances in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2011 13(3): 233-240
      62. Rizzoli R, Adachi J, Cooper C, Dere W, Devogelaer JP, Diez-Perez A, Kanis J, Laslop A, Mitlak B, Papapoulos S, Ralston S, Reiter S, Werhya G, Reginster J. Management of Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int (2012) 91:225-243
      63. Canalis E, Mazziotti G, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathophysiology and therapy. Osteoporos Int 2007 18(10):1319-1328
      64. van Staa et al. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis.Osteoporosis Int. 2002.;13 777-787.
      65. Levine A, Broide E, Stein M, et al. Evaluation of oral budesonide for treatment of mild and moderate exacerbations of Crohn’s disease in children. J Pediatr 2002;140:75-80.
      66. Schoon EJ et al. Bone mineral density in relation to efficacy and side effects of budesonide and prednisolone in Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Feb;3(2):113-21.
      67. Heuschkel RB, Menache CC, Megerian JT, Baird AE. Enteral nutrition and corticosteroids in the treatment of acute Crohn’s disease in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;31(1): 8-15.
      68. Sanderson I. Growth problems in children with IBD. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. advance online publication 24 June 2014.
      69. El-Haj, T., Poole, S., Farthing, M. J. & Ballinger, A. B. Anorexia in a rat model of colitis: interaction of interleukin-1 and hypothalamic serotonin. Brain Res. 2002, 927, 1-7.
      70. Moran, G. W., Leslie, F. C., McLaughlin, J. T. Crohn’s disease affecting the small bowel is associated with reduced appetite and elevated levels of circulating gut peptides. Clin. Nutr. 2013 32, 404-411.
      71. Vernia P et al. Dietary calcium intake in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis (2014) 8, 312-317.
      72. Poley JR, Hofmann AF. Role of fat maldigestion in pathogenesis of steatorrhea in ileal resection. Fat digestion after two sequential test meals with and without cholestyramine. Gastroenterology 1976; 71:38-44.
      73. Targownik L et al. Risk factors and management of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2014, 30:168-174
      74. Jahnsen J, Falch JA, Mowinckel P, Aadland E. Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37:192-199.
      75. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Khosrotehrani K, Carrat F, Bouvier AM, Chevaux JB, Simon T, et al. Increased risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients who receive thiopurines for inflam- matory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2011;141(5): 1621-8.
      76. Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:1911-30.
      77. Priemel M, von Domarus C, Klatte TO, Kessler S, Schlie J, Meier S, et al. Bone mineralization defects and vitamin D deficiency: histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies and circulating 25- hydroxyvitamin D in 675 patients. J Bone Miner Res 2010;25:305-12.
      78. Mayranpaa MK, Tamminen IS, Kroger H, Makitie O. Bone biopsy findings and correlation with clinical, radiological, and biochemical parameters in children with fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2011;26: 1748-58.
      79. Alkhouri RH, Hashmi H, Baker RD, Gelfond D, Baker SS. Vitamin and mineral status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013; 56:89-92.
      80. Leslie WD, Miller N, Rogala L, Bernstein CN. Vitamin D status and bone density in recently diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease: the Manitoba IBD Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008; 103:1451-9.
      81. Gilman J, Shanahan F, Cashman KD. Determinants of vitamin D status in adult Crohn’s disease patients, with particular emphasis on supplemental vitamin D use. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006; 60:889-96.
      82. McCarthy D, Duggan P, O’Brien M, Kiely M, McCarthy J, Shanahan F, Cashman KD. Seasonality of vitamin D status and bone turnover in patients with Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005; 21:1073-83.
      83. Levin AD, Wadhera V, Leach ST, Woodhead HJ, Lemberg DA, Mendoza-Cruz AC, Day AS. Vitamin D deficiency in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2011; 56:830-6.
      84. Котова С. М. и др. Формирование скелета в норме и при патологии. Пособие для врачей. Санкт-Петербург, 2002.
      85. Christakos S. Recent advances in our understanding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) regulation of intestinal calcium absorption. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011; 523:73-6.
      86. Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev. 2001; 22:477-501.
      87. Cantorna MT, Zhu Y, Froicu M, Wittke A. Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80:1717S-20S.
      88. Cantorna MT, Mahon BD. D-hormone and the immune system. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2005; 76:11-20.
      89. Mouli V, Ananthakrishnan A. Review article: vitamin d and inflammatory bowel diseases Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 January; 39(2): 125-36.
      90. Khalili H, Huang ES, Ananthakrishnan AN, Higuchi L, Richter JM, Fuchs CS, Chan AT. Geographical variation and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among US women. Gut. 2012; 61:1686-92.
      91. Nerich V, Jantchou P, Boutron-Ruault MC, Monnet E, Weill A, Vanbockstael V, Auleley GR, Balaire C, Dubost P, Rican S, Allemand H, Carbonnel F. Low exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 33:940-5.
      92. Kong J, Zhang Z, Musch MW, Ning G, Sun J, Hart J, Bissonnette M, Li YC. Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008; 294: G208-16.
      93. Cantorna MT, Zhu Y, Froicu M, Wittke A. Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80:1717S-20S.
      94. Dresner-Pollak R, Ackerman Z, Eliakim R, Karban A, Chowers Y, Fidder HH. The BsmI vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Jewish Ashkenazi patients. Genet Test. 2004; 8:417-20.
      95. Naderi N, Farnood A, Habibi M, Derakhshan F, Balaii H, Motahari Z, Agah MR, Firouzi F, Rad MG, Aghazadeh R, Zojaji H, Zali MR. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 23:1816-22.
      96. Simmons JD, Mullighan C, Welsh KI, Jewell DP. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: association with Crohn’s disease susceptibility. Gut. 2000; 47:211-4.
      97. Ananthakrishnan AN, Khalili H, Higuchi LM, Bao Y, Korzenik JR, Giovannucci EL, Richter JM, Fuchs CS, Chan AT. Higher predicted vitamin d status is associated with reduced risk of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2012; 142:482-9.
      98. Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, Krutzik SR, Ochoa MT, Schauber J, Wu K, Meinken C, Kamen DL, Wagner M, Bals R, Steinmeyer A, Zugel U, Gallo RL, Eisenberg D, Hewison M, Hollis BW, Adams JS, Bloom BR, Modlin RL. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D- mediated human antimicrobial response. Science. 2006; 311:1770-3.
      99. Liu PT, Schenk M, Walker VP, Dempsey PW, Kanchanapoomi M, Wheelwright M, Vazirnia A, Zhang X, Steinmeyer A, Zugel U, Hollis BW, Cheng G, Modlin RL. Convergence of IL-1beta and VDR activation pathways in human TLR2/1-induced antimicrobial responses. PLoS One. 2009; 4: e5810.
      100. Brennan A, Katz DR, Nunn JD, Barker S, Hewison M, Fraher LJ, O’Riordan JL. Dendritic cells from human tissues express receptors for the immunoregulatory vitamin D3 metabolite, dihydroxycholecalciferol. Immunology. 1987; 61:457-61.
      101. Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Gallagher JC, Gallo RL, Jones G, Kovacs CS, Mayne ST, Rosen CJ, Shapses SA. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96:53-8.
     


    Full text is published :
    Gabrusskaya T.V. THE DEFEAT OF BONE TISSUE IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2016;126(02):70-78
    Read & Download full text