1. Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia
2. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Ingush State University, 386001, Magas, Russia
3. Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A. I. Evdokimov, 127473, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: colon, epithelial barrier, mucus, glycocalyx, mucins, tight contacts, immune system, ulcerative colitis

Abstract:There is a huge amount of commensal bacteria and food antigens in the large intestine. At the same time, pathogenic microorganisms can enter the intestine. A macroorganism needs to maintain tolerance to the fi rst and develop an eff ective immune response to the latter. The epithelial barrier of the colon plays the leading role in the realization of this task. Dysfunction of the epithelial barrier leads to the development of an infl ammatory response to normal intestinal antigens, which, according to some authors, is the initial mechanism of ulcerative colitis development. This review is dedicated to modern concepts of the structure and function of the epithelial barrier of the colon and its alterations in ulcerative colitis.

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Zolotova N. A., Akhrieva Kh. M., Zayratyants O. V. Epithelial barrier of the colon in health and patients with ulcerative colitis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 4–13. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-4-13
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1. Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 420012, Kazan, Russia
2. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kazan Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 420012, Kazan, Russia
3. State autonomous health care institution “Republican Clinical Hospital Department of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”, 420064, Kazan, Russia

Keywords: infl ammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, fecal β-glucuronidase

Abstract:The aim of research: to investigate the activity of β-glucuronidase in coprofi ltrates (OR feces) in patients with infl ammatory bowel diseases — UC and CD at diff erent severity levels (form of disease- mild, middle, severe) and to determine the signifi cance as a laboratory criterion in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of IBD. Materials and methods. In research was prospectively studied 105 patients — 82 patients with IBD (29 patients with CD, 53 patients with UC) and 23 healthy volunteers without clinical laboratory indicators of infl ammatory processes in the organism and diseases of the colon as the comparison group. The activity of β-glucuronidase in feces was determined using phenolphthalein glucuronide as a substrate. Results. The activity of β-glucuronidase in feces in patients with IBD did not diff er from the healthy group (comparison group): in patients with IBD — 86.81 ± 8.4 μM / g / hr, and in norm, healthy group (comparison group) 76.04 ± 10.13 μM / g / hr (p> 0.05). Also we did not fi nd signifi cant diff erences in the activity of β-glucuronidase in patients with CD and UC, in comparison with the norm (healthy group), or between groups of patients with IBD (CD and UC). In both forms of IBD, we did not fi nd signifi cant diff erences in the activity of β-glucuronidase in patients with severe, mild or middle severity level of disease, as in comparison with healthy group so as between group of severity level. Conclusion. We have established that the activity of fecal β-glucuronidase in patients with diff erent severity levels CD and UC did not diff er from in patients of healthy group. Determination of the activity of fecal β-glucuronidasecan not use as objective laboratory criteria for determining the severity of IBD and predicting the course of the disease and, apparently, does not have essential value in the pathogenesis of IBD.

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Full text is published :
Zinkevich O. D., Safi na N. A., Abdulganieva D. I., Korovina M. O., Mukhametova D. D., Odintsova A. Kh., Zimaleeva D. Е. Activity of fecal β-glucuronidase in patients with infl ammatory bowel diseases. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 14–18. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg162-2-14-18
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1. Azerbaijan State Advanced Training Institute for doctors named after A.ALIYEV, Baku AZ1012, Azerbaijan
2. National Center of Oncology, department of invasive diagnostics and treatments, Baku AZ1122, Azerbaijan

Keywords: ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, infl ammatory bowel disease, endothelial dysfunction, severity

Abstract:Aim: to create a system for monitoring the condition of patients with infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subjects and methods: In the period from August 2015 to December 2018, 246 patients with IBD were examined at the clinical base of the Department of Therapy Azerbaijan State Advanced Training Institute for doctors named after A.ALIYEV, the Department of Invasive Diagnostics and Treatment of the National Center of Oncology, Memorial Klinika Medical Center. The content of homocysteine, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (h/s CRP), vitamin D and the level of platelets in the blood, albumin in the urine, and calprotectin in the feces were determined in all subjects. Patients were retested if necessary (426 in total) Results: In the general group of patients with IBD, of the 426 studies conducted in 369 (86.6%) cases, there was an increased content of homocysteine i n the blood, in 405 (95.0%) — the level of h/s CRP, in 322 (75.5%) — thrombocytosis, in 411 (96.4%) — a decrease in the content of vitamin D, in 308 (72.3%) albumin was detected in the urine, and in 411 (96.4%) — an increased content of calprotectin was detected in the feces. When analyzing the identifi cation of each of these indicators separately in the UC and CD groups, no diff erence was found (p > 0.05). A correlation was found between some indicators of endothelial dysfunction and the severity of the clinical course in patients with infl ammatory bowel diseases. The proposed new approach to assessing the clinical status of patients with IBD, with the established diagnosis, does not resort to repeated costly studies and obtain real-time results that make it possible to assess the severity of the patient’s condition.

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Full text is published :
Babayeva G. H., Babayev Z. M. New approach to the estimation of a clinical fl ow in patients with ulceratıve colitis and Crohn's disease. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 19–23. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-19-23
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1. State Medical University, 644099, Omsk, Russia
2. Regional Clinical Hospital, 644111, Omsk, Russia n

Keywords: ulcerative colitis, nutritional factors, sugar, diet

Abstract:The aim was to аssess the eff ect of nutritional factors on the risk of developing ulcerative colitis based on an analysis of food consumed. Assess the importance of consumption of certain nutrients in its development among the population of Western Siberia. Materials and methods: A survey of 81 patients with ulcerative colitis and 39 healthy volunteers was conducted. The profi le of the eating habits of patients with ulcerative colitis (before diagnosis) in relation to healthy respondents was investigated. Results. The diet of patients with ulcerative colitis before the fi rst signs of the disease is distinguished by the rare consumption of fresh and cooked vegetables and fruits in small portions, the consumption of more sugar with tea and / or coff ee compared to healthy ones. Also, patients poorly tolerated milk and dairy products before the debut of the disease. Conclusion. Our study confi rms the possible eff ect of a lack of dietary fi ber and excessive sugar intake on the onset of ulcerative colitis.

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Bikbavova G. R., Livzan M. A., Sovalkin V. I., Turchaninov D. V., Tretyakova T. V., Lopatina O. E., Panova T. Yu. The effect of nutritional factors on the development of ulcerative colitis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 24–27. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-24-27
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1. Clinical Hospital № 122 L. G. Sokolova, St. Petersburg, Russia
2. St. Petersburg State Healthcare Institution Children’s City Hospital № 2 Holy Mary of Magdalene, St. Petersburg, Russia
3. St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
4. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: diet for ulcerative colitis, prevention of exacerbations of ulcerative colitis, specifi c diet, food sensitization, ulcerative colitis, new methods of selection of the diet

Abstract:There is a new principle of preparing diet for a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC). Within 4 years, we observed and comprehensively examined 60 patients UC who received standard treatment. In group 1(n=30) was used as a dietary therapy specifi c individual elimination hypoallergenic diet (ISEH diet), picked up in vitro and composed by exclusion from the diet of those products, which can be a source of food sensitization. To identify the immunopathological reactions I, III and IY types of food allergens used a range of methods — ELISA (IgE-specifi c) and the reaction of inhibition migration of leukocytes(RIML), modifi ed by NN Matyshevа and LS Kositskаyа. Group 2(n = 30) received a standard mechanically and chemically sparing diet. Patients with UC showed a high degree of sensitization to food antigens. Usage of the ISEН diet promoted a more rapid onset and prolonged maintenance of clinical and endoscopic remission, more than in the standard diet group, without the use of corticosteroids and thiopurins, as well as a signifi cant decrease in the number of disease relapses. Diet of patients with UC should be hypoallergenic. The best results are observed in the preparation of a diet based on a comprehensive individual screening-testing of food allergens using laboratory diagnostic methods based on cell-type reactions and methods for detecting specifi c antibodies to food antigens. Results of a 4- year follow-up for patients with UC show high effi cacy ISEH diet in the treatment and maintaining remission of these patients.

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Full text is published :
Kryukova O. A., Matysheva N. N., Drygin A. N., Khavkin A. I. Use of a customized hypoallergenic diet in treatment of patients with the infl ammatory bowel diseases. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 28–35. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-28-35
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1. Institute of Osteopathy, 191024, Degt’arnaya str.1A, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
2. North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 191015, Kirochnay street, 41, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
3. St. Petersburg State University, 199034, University emb, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation

Keywords: osteopathic methods, somatic dysfunction, motor-evacuation functions of the digestive tract, celiac disease

Abstract:The article presents the results of clinical eff ectiveness of osteopathic correction methods in the treatment of motor-evacuation disorders of the digestive tract in celiac patients based on a comparison of clinical and instrumental data. Materials and methods: 26 patients with celiac disease aged from 18 to 35 years old, in which General clinical, endoscopic and PEGEG studies revealed disorders of motor activity of the digestive tract. The examined patients had been carried out 5 sessions of osteopathic procedures to correct their motor-evacuation disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Results: the examined patients were observed to have osteopathic disorders, indicating regional somatic dysfunction and combined motility disorders of the upper and lower digestive tract in both phases of the PEGEG. The use of osteopathic correction, aimed at mobilizing the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms of the body, was eff ective for discontinuing gastroenterological symptoms, normalization of propulsive and tonic activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: osteopathic correction can be used in the treatment of patients with motility disfunction of the digestive tract.

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Оrеshkо A. Yu., Mokhov D. E., Tregubova E. S., Оrеshkо L. S., Seliverstov P. V., Semenova Е. A. Functional disorders of motor activity of the digestive tract and their osteopathic correction in patients with celiac disease. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 36–44. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-36-44
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1. Kemerovo State Medical University, 650056, Kemerovo, Russia
2. Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002, Kemerovo, Russia

Keywords: rectal cancer, TP53, rs1042522, Arg72Pro

Abstract:The aim was to investigate the prevalence of genetic variants of marker rs1042522 (Arg72Pro) of TP53 among individuals without cancer and patients with colon cancer. Materials and methods. Using allele specifi c PCR we performed genotyping of rs1042522 marker with subsequent comparing of alleles and genotypes frequencies in two studied groups: the comparison group (n=119) and the group of patients with rectal cancer (n=105). Results. Proportion of the minor allele Pro with the expected pathological eff ect in the comparison group was 26,9%, and among patients with rectal cancer — 26,7%. The frequency of the Pro/Pro genotype in the two groups was 6,7% and 5,7%, respectively. The distinction in indicators was not statistically signifi cant.

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Full text is published :
Volkov A. N., Padukova A. D., Zinchuk P. V., Kutikhin A. G. Polymorphysm of tumor supressor gene tp53 among healthy donors and patients with rectal cancer. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 45–49. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-45-49
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1. Federal State Funded Edication Institution of Higher Education “Khakass State University named after N. F. Katanov”, 655000, Abakan, Russian Federation
2. Federal state autonomous educational institution of higher education “Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky” Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, 295051, Simferopol, Crimea, Russian Federation

Keywords: colorectal cancer, anamnesis of life, factors risk

Abstract:Aim to study the frequency, expression and simultaneity of risk factors for colorectal cancer in hospital patients. Materials and methods. The statistics of 1690 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were retrospectively studied. Clinical signs were assessed according to the case histories of 180 patients with colorectal cancer, selected by random sampling and systematic sampling (every tenth of the total population of all patients with CRC). Questioning patients with CRC, based on their informed consent, studied risk factors in 80 people (random sample; every second of the average annual number of patients with CRC). Results. The share of women was 52.5%, men — 47.5%. The average age of patients is 69 (61–77) years. Before the manifestation of colorectal cancer, patients had an overweight in 40.9% of cases, obesity in 39.4% of cases. Women with colorectal cancer more often than men had type 2 diabetes mellitus 4 times (p = 0.015), cholecystectomy 2.5 times (p = 0.09), combined pathology 3 times (p = 0.24) and prolonged history of IBD 5 times (p <0.05). In men with colorectal cancer, hypodynamia (5 times, p = 0.003) and smoking (2 times, p = 0.23) occurred more often than in women. Conclusion. Risk factors for colorectal cancer were, 55 years of age, overweight or obesity, type 2 diabetes.

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Shtygasheva O. V., Ageeva E. S., Guzar Ya. R. Anamnestic predictors of colorectal cancer. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 50–54. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-50-54
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1. GBUZ Moscow Clinical Research Center named after A. S. Loginov DZM, 111123, Moscow, Russia
2. Federal State Budgetary Educational lnstitution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduatc Educatioп» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
3. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
4. Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A. I. Evdokimov, 127473, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: nutritional drugs

Abstract:In the literature there is little information about the occurrence of dielectrolytes with inadequately selected parenteral-enteral correction. This fully applies to the correction of iron defi ciency in colorectal cancer (CRC). Material and methods. On examination were 51 patients with CRC (T3N1M0 and T4N0M1) and iron defi ciency of various severity. Nutritional status was assessed by the parameters of a known alimentary-volemic diagnosis (AED). Iron defi ciencies resulting from chronic blood loss were assessed by the content of serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, the level of Hb and Ht, the number and average volume of red blood cells, and the average content of Hb in the red blood cell. The control group consisted of 10 patients with iron-defi cient anemia. Results. One of the components of the AVD is the determination of electrolyte defi ciencies, including gland. With a defi cit of free iron in plasma up to 11%, a decrease in hemoglobin level and Ht, a slight decrease in the number of erythrocytes and normal parameters of ferritin, the average volume of erythrocyte and the content of Hb in it were suffi cient nutritive correction mixtures containing 3.0–3.5 mg of iron in 100 g dry product. With a higher iron defi ciency, additional parenteral administration of its drugs was required: as part of the nutritional correction, as a pharmacological supplement, supplements were injected with non-sorbed or sorbed iron on a special matrix (ironMatrix), which guaranteed the stability of the iron complex and its controlled release in the body. At the same time, sorbed iron provided a higher safety (no complications were observed in any of the studies. with the administration of non-sorbed iron in 2 cases, there were unpleasant sensations in the heart area, in the right hypochondrium, resembling signs of iron overload (ferritin could increase to 1340 mg), stopped, however, only by the administration of a hepatoprotector and 0.9% of the sodium chloride solution without the additional use of an antidote. Conclusion. For the sake of safety of iron defi ciency correction (prevention of toxic-metabolic complications) when conducting a comprehensive nutritional correction in patients with CRC complicated by mild chronic anemia with iron defi ciency not more than 11%, it is advisable to use drugs containing iron (3–3.5 mg per 100 g of dry product), and in case of a pronounced shortage of it, supplement the nutritional support with parenteral preparations of sorbed iron under the control of the parameters of iron metabolism.

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Full text is published :
Kostyuchenko L. N., Mikhaylyants G. S., Danilov M. A., Atroshchenko A. O., Kruglov A. D., Kuzmina T. N., Noskova K. K., Kostyuchenko M. V., Zhu-kova L. D., Lychkova A. E., Govaleshko A.Yu. Management of Iron defi ciency syndromes and their correction with nutritional drugs Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 55–67. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-55-67
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1. Saratov State Medical University n. a. V. I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Saratov, Russia
2. “Мedical Di center” LLC, Saratov, Russia

Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, refractoriness to treatment, genetic polymorphism, psychological factors.

Abstract:Purpose of the study. Тo determine predictors of refractory course of irritable bowel syndrome with consideration for genetic markers and psychological peculiarities of patients. Materials and methods. 101 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (73 with refractory form of irritable bowel syndrome, 28 with non-refractory form of the same) have been examined. We analyzed the triggers of the disease, assessed the levels of distress, depression, anxiety, somatization, and aggression, and we have determined polymorphic variants of genes COMT Val158Met, TLR9 G2848A, TLR9 T-1237C. Results. Refractory variant of irritable bowel syndrome is associated with the onset at an earlier age, social and psychological triggers, extraintestinal manifestations and non-gastroenterological symptoms, high levels of distress, depression, anxiety, somatization, and aggression. We have revealed that refractoriness and some clinical forms of irritable bowel syndrome are associated with polymorphic variants of certain genes. Conclusion. Refractory variant of irritable bowel syndrome is associated with certain genetic and psychological factors.

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Tikhonova T. A., Kozlova I. V., Fedotov E. A. Genetic and psychological prerequisites for development of refractory variant of irritable bowel syndrome. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 68–74. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-68-74
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1. GBUZ Moscow Clinical Research Center named after A. S. Loginov DZM, 111123, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, intestinal motility

Abstract:Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease in which relapsing abdominal pain is associated with bowel movements or bowel movements. Despite the numerous works devoted to the investigation of the mechanisms of IBS development, the intestinal motility in this disease has not been studied enough. The aim is to reveal the features of the motor function of the large and small intestine in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and in the case of dolichosigma. Material and methods. 84 patients with IBS-C by electromyography in comparison with a group of 25 patients with dolichosigma and a group of 35 patients with functional constipation were examined. The frequency of slow waves of the small and large intestine (patients with functional constipation) and the left parts of the colon (patients with IBS-3 and dolichosigma) by the Conan-M hardware and software complex were measured Results and discussion. IBS-C is characterized by hypomotor dyskinesia of the left divisions with pronounced spastic contractions of the smooth muscles of the circulatory layer of the gut, possibly due to the activity of stimulating serotonergic eff ects on the spastic activity of the circular muscle layer or inhibitory adrenergic neurons of the intermuscular (Auerbach) nerve plexus. With dolichosigma, hypomotor dyskinesia of the left parts of the colon was revealed due to stretching of the mechanoreceptors of the aff erent neurons of the intramural refl ex arcs.

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Lychkova A. E., Ruchkina I. N., Poleva N. I., Puzikov A. M. Motor function of the intestine in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 75–78. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-75-78
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1. Bashkir state medical University of the Ministry of health of Russia, 450008, Ufa, Lenin street, 3, Russia

Keywords: personality-oriented educational program, biliary pathology, young age, psychosomatic examination

Abstract:Purpose of the study. Show the eff ectiveness of training for young people with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis on the example of a personality oriented educational program. Materials and methods. A total of 64 patients with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis in the remission phase were examined. They determined the levels of anxiety, indicators of quality of life, types of attitudes towards the disease. The obtained data were compared before and after training in a person-centered program. Results. In the course of dynamic management of patients with biliary pathology, a decrease in high anxiety levels, an increase in persons with a low level of anxiety, an increase in ergopathic, mixed types of attitudes towards the disease, a decrease in anxiety and hypochondriacal types was noted. In terms of quality of life, an increase in self-satisfaction along with a scale of health status was reliably detected. Positive changes in the behavior of patients in terms of adherence to the implementation of the recommendations of the doctor according to the person-oriented program are identifi ed. Individual approach, familiarity of patients with the basics of the disease, risk factors, self-help, mutual aid, non-drug, urgent measures contribute to the primary and secondary prevention of the disease. Conclusion. In the course of this study, positive results were obtained in the psychosomatic status of patients. Due to the development of this trend now, increasing the level of education of certain groups of the population, individual approach to each patient, resolving issues together with the doctor in class, discussing emerging issues, getting advice — all this allows you to increase the patient’s participation in resolving issues of self-, mutual assistance, control the state of the main indicators of the level of health, monitor the levels of anxiety, depression and promptly contact specialists; therefore, this technique is relevant to and Use at the outpatient stage for people of all ages.

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Volevach L. V., Sarsenbaeva A. S., Gabbasova L. V., Demidovа N. A., Garipova R. A., Guriyev R. D., Kamalova A. A. The personal oriented educational program in the management of patients with biliary pathology. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 79–83. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-79-83
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1. State Budgetary Institution of Health Care “Region Clinic Hospital Nr 2” Health Ministry of Krasnodar Region, 350112, Krasnodar, Russia
2. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Medical University” Health Ministry of Russian Federation, 350112, Krasnodar, Russia

Keywords: scarring stricture, bowel, hardware bougienage, balloon dilatation, colonoscopy

Abstract:The aim of investigation: determination of the eff ectiveness of endoscopic methods in treatment of patients with low scarring strictures of bowel in settings of SBIHC “Region Clinic Hospital Nr 2” Materials and methods: we analyzed the treatment of 32 patients with low scarring strictures of bowel. The reasons of development of scarring narrowings and options of endoscopic treatment of this group of patients were studied. The causes of formation of scarring strictures in 29 patients (91,0%) were operarions performed. In 3 patients (9,0%) of this group low scarring strictures developed on the background of infl ammatory bowel disease performed. Results: in SBIHC “Region Clinic Hospital Nr 2” the following methods of endoscopic recanalization of scarring strictures were used: hardware bougienage were performed in 12 patients (37,5%), mechanical bougienage (using silicone bougies) in 6 patients (18,8%), combination of methods of hardware and mechanical bougienage was used in 4 patients (12,5%), balloon dilatation as the method of the extension of the lumen was used in 4 patients (12,5%), combination of methods of mechanical bougienage and balloon dilatation was used in 4 (12,5%) patients, stenting with nitinole self-expanding stents was used in 2 patients (6,2%). The effi ciency of used methods was 72%. In the majority of cases (65,6%) multi-stage treatment was required. In patients with whom we failed to achieve adequate expansion of the lumen the reconstructive surgery was performed. Conclusion: endoscopic methods of recanalization of the lumen in scarring narrowings are suffi ciently eff ective with compliance of conditions of dynamic observation.

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Gabriel S. A., Durleshter V. M., Guchetl A. Ya., Krushelnitskiy V. S., Dynko V. Yu., Tlekhuray R. M., Kortieva A. T., Ignatenko V. V. Endoscopic possibilities in of patients with low cicatricial strictures. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 84–88. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-84-88
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1. Moscow regional research and clinical Institute n. a. M. F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
2. City clinical hospital № 24, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: low- ampullar rectal cancer, magnetic resonance imaging, metastasis, lymph nodes

Abstract:Rectal cancer is one of the leaders in the structure of mortality in both sexes, with the only radical method of treatment is surgery. For the planning of surgical treatment, it is important to assess the metastatic lesion of the locoregional lymph nodes, which is an important predictor of the recurrence of the disease. The effi ciency and accuracy of the preoperative determination of metastatic regional lymph nodes in low-ampullar rectal cancer increased signifi cantly after the introduction into clinical practice of magnetic resonance imaging with the use of diff usion-weighted image and a non-ionic paramagnetic. The article is devoted to the problems of preoperative staging and determination of metastases in regional pararectal lymph nodes by comparing the results of MRI studies with contrast enhancement and MRI with diff usion-weighted images (DWI) in the diagnosis of metastases –positive locoregional lymph nodes, comparison with the data of histological studies of intraoperative material.

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Volkova S. N., Stashuk G. A., Vishnyakova M. V., Chermensky G. V., Levchenko S. V. Capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating metastatic regional lymph nodes in lower ampullar rectal cancer. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 89–95. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-89-95
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1. City clinical hospital № 30, 603157, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
2. FSBEI HE “Privolzhsky Research Medical University” MOH Russia, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
3. Institute of Applied Physics RAS, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Keywords: Аcute mesenteric ischemia, intestinal infarction, mesenteric arterial occlusion, microcirculation, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence angiography, acute bowel ischemia, small bowel strangulation, ischemic necrosis, morphometry, hemorrhagic necrosis

Abstract:The objective is to study the morphometric signs of small bowel ischemic damage basing on intravital optical coherence tomography data and further histological analysis Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats with the use of two models of acute intestinal ischemia: acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia by а. jejunales ligation (group “I”) and acute arteriovenous ischemia by a small bowel loop and frill strangulation together with а. et v. jejunales (group “II”). The state of intramural vessels in vivo was evaluated with the use of optical coherence angiography (OCA). After the macroscopic signs of non-viability appeared the bowel was resected and its stepwise histological analysis was carried out. Results. Ischemic damage development in group “I” was accompanied by decrease of bowel wall thickness by 34,8–42,4% (p=0,032) due to submucous layer destruction — based on histological analysis data and also by decrease of total length of functioning intramural vessels by 4,6% (p=0,004) — based on OCA data. According to the OCA data in group “II” the length of functioning vessels decreased by 89,6%in the strangulated bowel loop and by 6,1% in adducent and abducent sections (p=0,001). In the strangulated loop histological specimens sharply dilated thrombosed veins were seen in all layers of bowel wall, seromuscular layer oedema and diapedesis hemorrhages of mucous coat also took place as well as bowel wall thickening by 25,2% in comparison with the intact one. Conclusions. Сomplex analysis of in vivo optical coherence tomography results and further histological analysis of ischemic small bowel wall made it possible to determine the morphological manifestations which are specifi c for arterial and arteriovenous mesenteric blood fl ow disorder. In cases of mesenteric artery occlusion hypoperfusion and mucous coat ischemia are predominant among pathogenetic mechanisms of bowel wall alteration. In the strangulated bowel the main factor of destruction and necrosis is acute insuffi ciency of venous outfl ow.

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Ryabkov M. G., Baleev M. S., Kiseleva E. B., Sirotkina M. A., Romanov I. N., Gelikonov G. V., Bederina E. L., Mironov А. А., Beschastnov V. V., Gladkova N. D. Bowel wall in cases of acute ischemia: intravital optical coherence tomography and histological analysis data. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 96–101. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-96-101
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1. Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: colon, rat, newborn, prepubescent, enteric nervous system, enteroendocrine cells, serotonin, microfl ora

Abstract:The aim was to characterize the structural and functional features of the nervous and endocrine systems and the microbiota composition of the colon in newborns and prepubescent Wistar rats. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 12 newborns and 13 prepubescent male Wistar rats. We used immunohistochemical methods to investigate the structure of the intermuscular nerve plexus and to detect endocrine cells in the colon. The concentration of serotonin in the colon wall and peripheral blood plasma was evaluated with high-performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of the main taxa of bacteria of the luminal microbiota was determined by real-time PCR. Results: We identifi ed that in the neonatal period the intermuscular nerve plexus was not completely formed, there were few glial cells in the ganglia. The relative number of enteroendocrine cells and the serotonin content in the intestinal wall and in blood at this age period was minimal. The composition of the luminal microbiota in newborn rats was characterized by the predominance of taxons Firmicutes, Enterobacteria. In comparison with the newborns the intermuscular nerve plexus in the prepubescent rats was mature: the neural network formed large mesh, while the number of glial cells in the ganglia increased 3–4 times. The number of enteroendocrine cells increased 2.5 times, the content of serotonin in the colon wall and peripheral blood increased almost 80 and 6000 times, respectively. Firmicutes predominated in the luminal microfl ora, the number of Bifi dobacteria, Enterobacteria decreased.

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Tikhonov E. A., Zolotova N. A., Khochansky D. N., Makarova O. V. Structural and functional characteristic of the nervous and endocrine systems and the microbiota composition in the colon of the newborn and prepubescent wistar rats. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 102–106. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-102-106
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1. Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Aff airs, Moscow, Russia
2. City Clinical Hospital № 1. named N. I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
3. Polyclinic № 2, Moscow, Russia
4. MEDSI, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: abdominal MDCT, CT diagnosis of pathology of the colon wall, CT diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. CT diagnosis of lymphoma of the colon

Abstract:Thickening of the wall of the colon (TC) is one of the easily detectable and common symptoms of TC diseases detected by computed tomography (CT). The aim of the study was to reveal the possibilities of standard abdominal CT in the diagnosis of TC disease. To achieve this goal, 359 CT of the abdominal cavity performed according to the standard Protocol were analyzed. The average age of patients was 64.1+15.8 years. Gender ratio: prevalence of male patients 1,3:1,0. The normal thickness of the wall of the colon depends on the degree of expansion of the lumen or stretching and in most cases is changeable. The thickening of the TC wall was considered to be a persistent mismatch of its thickness to the inner lumen or outer diameter, taking into account the extreme values of the norms according to the literature data from 2 to 10 mm. The Analyzed cases of thickening of the TC wall were divided into 3 groups: focal (53%), segmental (30%) or diff use thickening (17%). Wall thickening defi ned in nonspecifi c infl ammatory diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, undiff erentiated, pseudomebranous and ischemic colitis) often had segmental (12%) or diff use (16%) length, with a minimum in the group of focal thickening — 1% in Crohn’s disease. The authors determined a signifi cant diff erence in the length of TC wall thickening in benign and malignant processes (p<0.05). The probability of diagnosis of TC cancer signifi cantly increases with a decrease in the length of the determined thickening of the TC wall to the focal, with an inverse relationship with an increase and a high probability of infl ammatory disease (p<0.01). Thus, the symptom of thickening of the wall of the TC is a marker symptom of diseases of the TC. In our study, the thickening of the TC wall was found in both malignant and benign diseases, with the prevalence of the latter, and a large proportion of infl ammatory diseases in them (p<0.05). In the group of focal thickenings, the leader, not taking into account diverticulitis due to easily recognizable signs of this disease, was TC cancer, which indicates in favor of the high specifi city of the sign (p<0.01). However, the analysis of additional features was crucial in the diff erential diagnosis of TC pathology: the type and nature of contrast enhancement, changes in mesentery, fi ber and adjacent vessels.

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Koshelev E. G., Kitayev S. V., Belyaev G. Yu., Egorov A. A. CT diagnosis of diseases manifested by thickening of the colon wall. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 107–119. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-107-119
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1. V. A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, 115522 Moscow, Russia

Keywords: digestive tract; spondiloarthritis; microbiome

Abstract:The range of causal combinations of various types of intestinal lesions and spondyloarthritis (SpA) is extremely wide: from subclinical pathology to manifest manifestations of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In studies of the last decade it is assumed that not only infl ammatory bowel diseases (IBD), psoriasis, but also SpA are diseases with activated innate immunity, which provides an early non-specifi c response mediated by the barrier function of the epithelium. Modern data on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SpA pathogenesis allow rheumatologists to hypothesize the concept of a “barrier organ disease” as the preclinical stage of development of diseases belonging to the SpA group, which is based on impaired immune tolerance to autologous synanthropic microfl ora in genetically predisposed individuals.Key words: microbiome; spondyloarthritis; infl ammatory bowel disease, pathogenesis

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Full text is published :
Galushko E. A., Gordeev A. V. Gut microbiome and spondyloarthritis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 120–124. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-120-124
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1. I . M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
2. University children’s clinical hospital, gastroenterology Department, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: UC, teenagers, course, adherence, eff ectiveness of therapy

Abstract:The problems of ulcerative colitis (UC) in pediatric practice are the diffi culties of primary diagnosis, the severity of the course due to the greater extent of the colon lesion and the diffi culty in choosing a drug eff ect. The age of the patients determines the extent of colon lesions in UC in children. Thus, in the older age group, especially older than 15 years, characterized by a high frequency of left-sided ulcerative colitis forms in contrast to adults. The choice of therapy in children with UC depends on the severity of the condition, localization and extent of the lesion, the severity of humoral activity and the age of the child, as well as adherence (compliance) therapy. This example demonstrates that in a teenage boy ulcerative colitis had a rare localization for children, there was a violation of the recommended therapy at the beginning and dynamics of observation, which led to a relapse and progression of the disease. Low adherence to therapy signifi cantly worsened the course and prognosis of the pathological process, and therefore the quality of life of the patient.

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Full text is published :
Tahirova A. R., Sichinava I. V., Yablokova E. A., Tyurina E. N., Krutikhina S. B., Borisova E. V., Polotnyanko E. U., Frolkova E. V. Ulcerative colitis: features of the course and adherence to prescribed therapy in adolescents. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 125–130. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-125-130
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1. FRC CSC RAS, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, Moscow, Russia
2. Big Data Storage and Analysis Center (CCHD), Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
3. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 2⁄1, Barrikadnaya st., Moscow, 125993, Russia

Keywords: prebiotics, dysbiosis, systematic analysis, lactitol, Exportal

Abstract:Lactitol is a prebiotic disaccharide that supports the functioning of lacto- and bifi dobacteria, also inhibits the growth of pathogenic fl ora. The results of transcriptome and proteomic studies have shown that lactitol is characterized by unique absorption and processing mechanisms in lactobacteriathat distinguish it from other prebiotics. In high doses (5 … 50 g/day) lactiol is used as an osmotic laxative. Lactictol enhances the detoxifi cation of the body (in particular, the excretion of ammonia and toxic amines). The detoxifi cation eff ect of lactitol, lack of lactitol’seff ect on blood lipid and glycemic profi les, lack of food intolerance and rare occurrenceof side eff ects (fl atulence, transient diarrhea when the dose is exceeded) make lactitol an important tool in the treatment of dysbiosis, liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy.

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Full text is published :
Gromova O. A., Torshin I. Yu., Maximov V. A., Gromov A. N., Rudakov K. V. Systematic analysis of lactitol studies. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 131–142. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-131-142
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1. RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
2. National Medical Research Center of Radiology, RF, Moscow, Russia
3. GBUZ Moscow Clinical Research Center named after A. S. Loginov DZM, 111123, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: iron defi ciency, iron defi ciency syndrome, infl ammatory bowel disease, treatment of anemia, sucrosomial iron, intravenous iron

Abstract:The article describes the most common iron defi ciency syndromes (IDS) in infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD) and presents the modern principles of diff erential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease, the advantages and disadvantages of standard methods for the correction of Iron-Defi ciency (ID) and anemia in this group of patients. The authors give a circumstantial outline of their own data of examination and treatment of 77 patients with IBD and anemia, and prove the necessity of compulsory ferritin serum (FS) testing as the most important diff erential marker of the IDs., Inadequate production of erythropoietin as the main cause of anemia has been proven in 15% of patients with high FS values. On the contrary, the necessity of mandatory use of iron preparations in management of anemia was determined in 85% of patients. The high effi ciency and safety of sucrosomial iron are proven in patients with IBD and anemia. The eff ectiveness of this method shows the normalization of hemoglobin in 68% of patients within 3 months. In contrast, intravenous iron administered during the inpatient treatment period is not suffi ciently eff ective in this category of patients, which requires the continuation of outpatient therapy with preparations of sucrosomial iron. Conclusions: Based on the obtained data and international experience, there was formulated and substantiated the algorithm of diff erentiated therapy of IDS in patients with a mild form of IBD.

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Full text is published :
Stuklov N. I., Basiladze I. G., Kovalchuk M. S., Pivnik A. V., Knyazev O. V., Parfenov A. I. New options in management of Iron-Defi ciency syndromes in Infl ammatory Bowel Disease Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 143–150. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-143-150
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1. FRC CSC RAS, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, 119333, Moscow, Vavilova, 42, Russia
2. Big Data Storage and Analysis Center (CCHD), Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
3. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
4. Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Northern State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Troitskiy Ave., 51

Keywords: lactobacilli, probiotics, prebiotics, L. casei I-1572, Enterolactis

Abstract:The eff ectiveness of probiotics is strain-specifi c. This paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of the promising lactobacterial strain Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 (L. casei DG; L. paracasei DG). L. casei DG well survives in the conditions of the stomach and intestines, supports the benefi cial microbiota and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, exhibits a therapeutic eff ect in ulcerative colitis, eradication of H. pylori, diverticular bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

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Full text is published :
Torshin I. Yu., Gromova O. A., Maksimov V. A., Zacharova I. N., Malavskaiya S. I. Analysis of the strain-specifi c eff ects of lactobacilli L. casei DG (L. paracasei CNCM I-1572) and the possibility of their use in clinical practice. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 151–158. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-151-158
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1. National Research OgarevMordovia State University, 430005, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia, Russia.

Keywords: Remaxol, mechanical jaundice, hemostasis, endotoxicosis, lipid peroxidation, hypoxia

Abstract:A study of 35 patients, whom operated by obstructive jaundice of neoplastic origin was done. They were divided into 2 groups: І (comparison groups, n = 15) — in the early postoperative period patients were given standard therapy and II (studied groups, n = 20) — Remaxol was included in the scheme of traditional treatment. In the study dynamics were carried out laboratory and biochemical tests: malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC); phosphalipase A2 (PL A2); hypoxia ratio (HR); middleweight molecules (MWM), total (TAC) and eff ective albumin concentration (EAC), toxicity index (TI), total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fi brinogen. Thromboelastography (USA) was used to assess the state of the hemostasis system. It was established that postoperative patients in the early time had oxidative stress, increased phospholipase activity, endotoxicosis syndrome, hemostatic disorders (hypercoagulation and hypofi brinolysis), which persisted throughout the observation period. The inclusion Remaxol in traditional therapy led to suppression of the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LP), reduction of phospholipase activity, relief of endogenous intoxication and hypoxia, restoration of blood coagulation-lytic status. The most signifi cant eff ect of the drug was determined in the fi rst 3 days after surgery. Objective: to evaluate the pharmacological eff ects of Remaxol in patients with mechanical jaundice of non-neoplastic origin.

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Full text is published :
Vlasov A. P., Al-Kubaisi Sh-A. S., Sheyranov N. S., Markin O. V., Zaitsev P. P., Vlasova T. I., Vasiliev V. V. Clinical examples to the algorithm on management of primary patients with symptoms of dyspepsia. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 159–164. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658ecg-162-2-159-164
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1. Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russia, Tomsk 634050, Russia
2. Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Keywords: recommendations, algorithm, dyspepsia, patient management tactics, proton pump inhibitor, prokinetics, primary care

Abstract:The aim. On clinical examples to demonstrate to the Therapist and General practitioner the possibility of using the roadmap of management of primary patients with symptoms of dyspepsia at the stage of outpatient care. Fundamentals. Clinical cases of patients with established diagnoses of Functional dyspepsia; Dyspepsia associated with Helicobacter pylori infection; Nonerosive refl ux disease; Gastroesophageal refl ux disease of I degree with nocturnal acid breakthroughs in combination with functional dyspepsia are presented. The questions of substantiation of preliminary and fi nal diagnoses, approaches of diff erential diagnosis of diseases using the road-map are considered in the comments. The main methods of diagnosis of diseases and disorders with symptoms of dyspepsia are presented and justifi ed. It is shown that prior to obtaining the results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a preliminary diagnosis Uninvestigated Dyspepsia “K 31.9 Disease of stomach and duodenum, unspecifi ed” should be made. After elimination of the organic cause of dyspepsia, treatment is carried out using proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole or rabeprazole 20 mg/day) in combination with a prokinetic (domperidone 30 mg/day). Rational use of a fi xed combination of omeprazole 20 mg with modifi ed release domperidone 30 mg / day (Omez®DSR). Conclusion. Compliance with the algorithm of management of primary patients with symptoms of dyspepsia in a wide clinical practice will avoid errors in the diagnosis, the appointment of unreasonable research, irrational treatment, which will improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with dyspeptic disorders.

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Full text is published :
Dolgalev I. V., Drozdov V. N. Clinical examples to the algorithm on management of primary patients with symptoms of dyspepsia. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 165–172. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-165-172
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1. Republican State Budgetary Medical and Preventive Institution “Republican Children’s Multidisciplinary Hospital”, 369010, Russia, Cherkessk, Griboedova str. 77A.

Keywords: ntussusception, Peutz — Jeghers syndrome, polyps, pediatric surgery, intestinal obstruction

Abstract:Introduction. Intestinal intussusception is the most common type of non-congenital intestinal obstruction and one of the most common nosologies in emergency pediatric surgery. This disease occurs mainly in children of the fi rst year of life and is extremely rare in older age. In children over 3 years of age, intussusception usually has leading points in the form of organic causes: diverticulum, doubling of the intestinal tube, polyps, tumors and others. Material and methods. A child of 7 years old, entered the department of pediatric surgery with acute abdominal pain syndrome, repeated vomiting, the duration of the disease is about 20 hours. The child was operated on urgently basis with a preliminary diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Results. Intraoperative ileocecal invagination with necrosis of the ileum was detected, about which a resection with an anastomosis of the intestine was performed. Histological examination of a remote small intestine revealed the presence of Peutz-Jeghers polyps. After discharge from the surgical department, the child was sent under the supervision of an oncologist and a gastroenterologist. Conclusion This clinical case demonstrates one of the possible causes of intestinal invagination in children older than 1 year. Peutze — Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition defined by the development of characteristic polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract and mucocutaneous pigmentation. Invagination of the intestine is one of the frequent complications of this disease and occurs, as a rule, in older children.

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Full text is published :
Shidakov I. H., Kalniyazov B. M. A rare form of intestinal invagination in a child. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 173–177. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-173-177
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1. Moscow state medical and dental University named after A. I. Evdokimov (Moscow, Russia)
2. Central research Institute of gastroenterology (Moscow clinical research center) Moscow Healthcare Department (Moscow, Russia)

Keywords: polycythemia, erythremia, destructive cholangitis, the hepatitis induced by drug intake

Abstract:The article presents a clinical case of combined liver damage in an elderly patient. On the one hand, monochemotherapy with cytostatics for true polycythemia (erythremia) became a probable cause of liver damage by the type of destructive cholangitis, and possibly provoked the development of AMAM2-positive primary biliary cirrhosis. On the other hand, on the background of subcompensation of the underlying disease, diffi culties arose with verifi cation of the Genesis of rapidly developed portal hypertension.

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Full text is published :
Golovanova E. V., Khomeriki S. G., Konev Yu. V., Kolechkina I. A. Diffi cult diff erential diagnosis of liver damage in an elderly patient with true polycythemia (erythremia). Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 178–182. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-178-182
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1. Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A. I. Evdokimov, 127473, Moscow, Russia
2. Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia

Abstract: Дорогие друзья и коллеги! 18 февраля 2019 года все медицинское сообщество России, Российское общество изучению ВЗК и Ассоциация колопроктологов России понесли невосполнимую утрату. После тяжелой болезни скончался профессор Игорь Львович Халиф, руководитель отдела воспалительных и функциональных заболеваний кишечника Российского Государственного центра колопроктологии. Это большое горе и огромная боль не только для его семьи и друзей, но и для всех его коллег и единомышленников, не только в России, но и за рубежом. После окончания медицинского университета вся его клиническая практика и научные интересы были связаны с ГНЦ колопроктологии, где он вырос от клинического ординатора до руководителя крупного отдела. Игорь Львович ушел из жизни в активном творческом возрасте, у него было много планов, идей и надежд, которые он не успел реализовать. За последние 30 лет его научные интересы были связаны с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника. Важным направлением его научной деятельности стало внедрение и совершенствование новых методов лечения этих заболеваний, разработка методических подходов; он стал автором и соавтором большого количества публикаций и монографий. Профессор Халиф был членом Всемирного комитета по стандартизации WGO. Игорь Львович много сделал для решения проблемы ВЗК в России и развития службы в этой сфере. Он был одним из активных организаторов Российского общества по изучению ВЗК и был его постоянным председателем или сопредседателем. Он активно продвигал идеи международных обществ в Российскую клиническую практику, принимал активное участие в организации международных конференций по ВЗК в России, разрабатывал российские рекомендации по диагностике и лечению ВЗК. У него были отличные лидерские качества. Его неудержимая энергия и уникальные коммуникативные навыки способствовали контактам между Россией и зарубежными коллегами, он многое сделал для развития международного взаимодействия. Спасибо всем, кто прислал нам слова сочувствия и соболезнования в связи со смертью Игоря Львовича. Давайте почтим его память. Для нас он навсегда останется преданным и отзывчивым другом, энтузиастом, высоким профессионалом. Нам будет очень его не хватать, мы всегда будем помнить его.

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Lazebnik L. B., Belousova E. A. In memory of Igor L. Khalif. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;162(2): 183. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-162-2-183
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