1. Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Public Health (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
3. Sechenov The First Moscow Medical University, Ministry of Public Health (Moscow, Russian Federation)
4. Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords:Helicobacter pylori, photosensitizers, antimicrobial photo-dynamic therapy

Abstract:Helicobacter pylori, an etiopathogenetic factor of gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, is highly sensitive in vitro to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with zinc octakis(cholinyl)phthalocyanine (o-PCZ). The photosensitizing activity of o-PCZ with molecules bearing eight positively charged substituents, is due to electrostatic binding with negatively charged surface of the cell walls of bacteria. In the bound state, when excited by light, o-PCZ generates singlet oxygen, which has a bactericidal effect. Intensive absorption of o-PCZ in the far-red region of the spectrum allows to use in photodynamic therapy light of wavelengths with high penetrating capacity in the biological environment from led sources.

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Zhukhovitsky V.G., Kholina E.G., Strakhovskaya M.G. HELICOBACTER PYLORI PHOTODYNAMIC INACTIVATION IN VITRO WITH ZINC OCTAKIS (CHOLINYL) PHTHALOCYANINE.Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):10-15
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1. Smolensk state medical University (Smolensk, Russian Federation)

Keywords:chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori, hygiene, periodontitis

Abstract:Aim. In the article frequency of defeat of mucous membranes of organs of cavity of mouth and tissues of paradontium is examined at intensifying of chronic erosive gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori and herpes viral infection. Result. As a result of the study in patients suffering from chronic erosive gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori and herpesvirus infection, Helicobacter pylori was detected in 100% of cases in the gastric mucosa in the study of biopsies by PCR, urease test, microscopy of smears and in the oral cavity in the study by urease test and PCR method, while the degree of contamination was regarded as high and medium. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the severity of the disease. Significantly more often in the first group of studies compared with the second identified high and very high rate of the CPU (χ²=14,280 at p<0.01); the index of hygiene is very poor and unsatisfactory (χ²=11,752; χ²=11,509, at p<0.01, respectively); gingivitis severe (χ²=20,847 when p<0.01); severe inflammation of the gums (χ²=14,849, p<0.01); the third stage of periodontal disease (χ²=26,615 at p<0.05) in the assessment of dental status. No periodontitis was observed in the control group. Conclusions. The infection of Helicobacter pylori serves as the base-line factor of forming of inflammatory diseases of paradontium, initiating development of active erosive gastritis, nosotropic closely associated with gingivitis and periodontitis.

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Full text is published :
Afanasenkova T. E., Dubskaya E. E., Dеvlikanova L. I. CHANGES OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN THE CHRONIC EROSIVE GASTRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND HERPES INFECTION.Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):16-21
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1. GBUZ Moscow clinical scientific center of the Department of Health of Moscow (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords: upper digestive tract, motor function, gastroesophageal reflux disease, abdominal obesity

Abstract:Aim. Dyskinesia of the upper digestivel tract is accompanied by the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in abdominal obesity. GERD occurs in the United States at 29.8% of men and 32.5% women and 30% of adults in Western Europe. However, clinical and instrumental characteristics of GERD in obesity are not well understood. The aim - to explore the clinical and instrumental characteristics of GERD in obesity. Methods. The survey included 52 patients with clinical, radiographic and electromyographic studies. The control group consisted of 36 patients. Results. Electromyographic marked increase in retrograde motility of the stomach and esophagus, as well as reduced motor function of duodenum. X-ray showed signs characteristic of GERD. Esophageal pH monitoring revealed the presence of alkaline reflux. Conclusions. The features of GERD in abdominal obesity is the prevalence of dyspepsia and heartburn absence, motor-evacuation disorders showing a decrease in evacuation function of the stomach and the presence of predominantly alkaline reflux.

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Full text is published :
Zvenigorodskaya L. A., Lychkova A. E., Shinkin M. V., Puzikov A. M. DISTURBANCES OF MOTOR FUNCTION OF THE UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN ABDOMINAL OBESITY.Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):22-28
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1. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. Moscow institute of physics and technology (Moscow, Russian Federation)
3. “National Medical Research Center of Cardiology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords: gut microbiota, obesity

Abstract:Purpose of the study. To study the association between the gut microbiota composition and body mass index and abdominal obesity in participants without clinical chronic diseases. Materials and methods. The study included 92 residents from Moscow and the Moscow region, men and women aged 25 to 76 years without clinical chronic non-communicable diseases are not receiving medication, but with the possible presence of cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity. All participants underwent a thorough preliminary examination, including physical examination, clinical and biochemical blood tests, electrocardiography, treadmill test, evaluation of the presence of the cardiovascular risk factors, as well as the sequencing of the variable regions of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene of the gut microbiota and diet analysis. Results. The study revealed that opportunistic bacteria of the genera Serratia and Prevotella were largely represented in overweight patients and / or patients with abdominal obesity. Amylolytic bacteria of the genus Oscillosipa were less represented in individuals with abdominal obesity. Probiotic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium producing SCFA were significantly less represented in people who consumed a lot of cholesterol or ethanol. Conclusion. Gut microbiota imbalance with an increase in opportunistic bacteria level and a decrease in strictly anaerobic amylolytic bacteria is associated with obesity.

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Kashtanova D. A., Tkacheva O. N., Kotowska Yu.V., Popenko A. C. et al. THE COMPOSITION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA FROM HEALTHY RESIDENTS OF MOSCOW AND MOSCOW REGION WITH OBESITY.Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):29-35
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1. Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Centre “Krasnoyarsk Science Centre” of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science” (FRC KSC SB RAS), “Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North” (SRI MPN) (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)
2. NUZ Road Clinical Hospital (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)
3. Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Katanov Khakass State University” (Abakan, Russia)

Keywords:GERD, dyspepsia, heartburn, esophagitis, overlap

Abstract:Aim. To study the overlap syndrome of GERD and dyspepsia in a population study. Methods: A clinical and epidemiological study was performed, during which 1411 adult patients (506 indigenous and 905 alien inhabitants) were examined in an organized population with a coverage of 93%. Results. The prevalence of weekly heartburn was 12.2% in Caucasians and 8.3% in Khakassians (p = 0.03). Dyspepsia was detected in 20.2% of alien inhabitants and in 15.8% of indigenous people (p = 0.05). Dyspepsia was registered 7.1 times more often in Caucasians with weekly heartburn (p <0.001) and 6.3 times more often in the same group of Khakassians (p <0.001) compared to those without heartburn. Conclusions. It was concluded that there is overlap syndrome of GERD and dyspepsia in indigenous and alien inhabitants of Khakassia.

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Full text is published :
Tsukanov V. V., Vasyutin A. V., Tonkikh J. L., Rzhavicheva O.S. et al. OVERLAP SYNDROME OF GERD AND DYSPEPSIA.Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):36-39
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1. State educational government-financed institution of higher professional education “Far East state medical university”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Khabarovsk, Russia)
2. Non-government healthcare institution “Khabarovsk-1 Road clinical hospital, Open Society «Russian Railways»” (Khabarovsk, Russia)

Keywords:irritable bowel syndrome, fecal calprotectin, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, ileum mucosal inflammation

Abstract:Aim. We aimed to determine possible interrelation between fecal calprotectin (FC) level, that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and ileum mucosal inflammation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods. Based on Rome III criteria, 495 IBS patients (376 female, mean age 36,6±0,4 years) were included. All patients underwent FC levels, ileocolonoscopy with biopsies of the terminal ileum and H2 lactulose breath test to evaluate the presence of SIBO. Results. Among the 495 IBS patients 57% had reproducibly elevated calprotectin, including 17% with levels higher than 100 µg/g. SIBO was more frequent among IBS patients with elevated FC levels (>100 μg/g) than in those with normal FC levels (0-50μg/g) (77,1% vs 64,8%, р=0,011). We found a correlation between abnormal levels of FC and the presence of SIBO (Spearman r=0,153, p=0,001). Faecal calprotectin greater than 100 µg/g was predictive of ileum mucosal inflammation in IBS patients (OR6,19, 95%CI 3,99-9,61, р<0,0001). The abnormal calprotectin level was correlated with the grade ileum mucosal inflammation (Spearman r=0,399, p<0,0001). Conclusion. In IBS patients with SIBO the low-grade ileum mucosal inflammation was more frequent than in patients with IBS without SIBO (OR2.69, 95% CI 1.79-4.04, p <0.0001). Elevated FC levels (>100μg/g) were associated with low-grade ileum mucosal inflammation in IBS patients (OR6,19, 95%CI 3,99-9,61, р<0,0001).

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Full text is published :
Alexeenko S. A., Krapivnaia O. V. INTERRELATION BETWEEN FECAL CALPROTECTIN LEVEL, SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH AND HISTOLOGICAL MUCOSAL INFLAMMATION IN THE TERMINAL ILEUM IN IBS PATIENTS. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):40-44
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1. “Peoples Friendship University of Russia” (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Abstract:Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and instrumental associations and prognostic value of cardiohepatic syndrome (CHS) phenotypes CHS in decompensated heart failure (DHF). Methods: CHS was diagnosed in 322 patients with DHF (190 male, 70±11 years (M±SD), arterial hypertension 87%, myocardial infarction 57%, atrial fibrillation 65%, type 2 diabetes mellitus 42%, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) 38±13%, EF<40% 50%, NYHA IV 56%) when at least one liver function test (LFT) level exceeded upper normal limit on admission. Only alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) increase was considered as hepatocellular CHS, isolated increase of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), direct bilirubin (DB) and total bilirubin (TB) due DB increase - as cholestatic CHS, the simultaneous increase of markers of cytolysis and cholestasis - as mixed CHS. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used. P <0.05 was considered significant for paired comparison, <0,017 - for comparison of 3 groups. Results: CHS occurs in 85,1% patients, predominantly mixed (66,8%) and moderate (LFT increase ≤ 3UNL). Patients with mixed vs cholestatic CHS had higher levels of LFT, incidence of cholestatic markers increase, NT-proBNP level, hypoperfusion (high heart rate, lower systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse BP on admission), higher rate of incidence of EF<35% and vasopressor therapy. No significant differences in signs of congestion were observed between groups. Mixed CHS was associated with higher all-cause death in 6 months (30 vs 23%, p<0.05). Conclusions: Mixed CHS predominates in patients with DHF and is associated with more pronounced LFT increase, higher NT-proBNP levels, hypoperfusion (lower systolic and pulse BP, EF <35%, use of vasopressors and inotropes, worse prognosis.

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Full text is published :
Soloveva A. E., Bayarsaikhan M., Villevalde S. V., Kobalava Z. D. LIVER INJURY MARKERS IN DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE: PHENOTYPES, CLINICAL AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):45-51
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1. “Peoples Friendship University of Russia” (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords:alcohol, liver liver, cardiac dysfunction, cardiac remodeling

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate structural and functional cardiac changes in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis in relation to the severity of liver disease. Methods: Study included 80 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC) without history of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. ECG, echocardiography were performed. Plasma values of NT-proBNP were evaluated in 60 patients. Results: Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal in all patients (mean value 65,3 ± 5,8%). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (LVMI 149,8 ± 20 g/m 2) and LV diastolic dysfunction were observed in 33 (40,7%) and 58 (71,6%) patients, respectively. Median NT-proBNP value was 621,5 pg/ml (min 33 pg/ml; max 3849 pg/ml), NT-proBNP elevation (> 125 pg/ml) was observed in 47 (58%) patients. NT-proBNP level positively correlated with the number of points on the Child-Pugh score (R =0,27, p < 0,05). There was no relationship between the severity of cirrhosis and structural and functional cardiac changes. Conclusion: Patients with alcoholic LC frequently demostrate structural and functional cardiac changes such as left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction. NT-proBNP elevation was observed in more than half of the patients and directly correlated with the severity of cirrhosis.

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Ivanov A. S., Romanova V. A., Kolesnikova I. A., Arisheva O. S. et al. CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):52-57
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1. I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. Smolensk state medical University Ministry Of Health (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords:arterial hypertension, obesity, women of reproductive age, liver remodeling

Abstract:The aim was to improve and optimize the management tactics of women of reproductive age with somatic diseases on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the main structural and functional characteristics of the hepatobiliary system at various stages of physiological gestation in the presence or absence of somatic pathology, as well as in the process of complex dynamic observation and examination for three years after delivery. Materials and methods: there were examined 535 outpatient and inpatient patients aged 16 to 45 years (mean age 27.9 ± 4.7 years, m 28, Mo 25) was conducted, including 383 patients with somatic pathology during pregnancy: group 1 (n=183) with gestational hypertension (GAG), group 2 (n=66) with chronic arterial hypertension (HAG), group 3 (n=134) of obese pregnant women. The control group consisted of 152 pregnant women without somatic pathology. Results: Analysis of structural and functional parameters of the hepato-biliary system showed that pregnant women with obesity have a moderate increase in one share of the liver (42.11% of cases), moderate hyperechogenicity of parenchyma (36.84%), difficulty in visualization of the diaphragm contour (26.31%). In gestational and chronic hypertension without obesity, these changes are expressed slightly. Conclusion: Linear and estimated the ultrasonic parameters of the liver (distal attenuation of the echo signal, hepatomegaly, hyperechogenicity, increased ehoplotnosti of the liver parenchyma and disruption of its calibre in conjunction with the expansion of the vena portae) correlated with hemodynamic, nutritional parameters and periods of gestation and are biomarkers of hypertension and obesity in women of reproductive age.

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Morozova T. E., Konyshko N. A. STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM IN WOMEN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY IN THE GESTATION PERIOD AND AFTER DELIVERY. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):58-63
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1. Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (Ufa, Russian Federation)

Keywords:petrochemical plants, occupational toxic hepatitis, gene polymorphism

Abstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphism of the glutathione-S-transferase genes with the risk of occupational liver diseases in workers of petrochemical plants. Materials and Methods. 544 DNA samples of petrochemical workers and 322 healthy persons DNA sample were used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results. It was found that the genotype Val/Val of polymorphic locus rs1695 of GSTP1 gene is less common in patients with toxic hepatitis (χ²=4,405, р=0,036) than in healthy workers. Analysis of the association of polymorphic loci GSTM1 and GSTT1 with the development of occupational liver lesions revealed no statistically significant results. Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that the homozygous genotype Val/Val of polymorphic locus rs1695 of the GSTP1 gene is protective of the development of occupational toxic hepatitis.

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Full text is published :
Valeeva Je. T., Bakirov A. B., Galimova R. R., Mukhammadiyeva G. F. THE ROLLE OF GENETIC PREDISPOSITION FOR OCCUPATIONAL LIVER DISEASES IN WORKERS OF PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):64-68
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1. First MOSCOW state medical University. I. M. Sechenov of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. Clinic “First doctor” (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords:comorbidity, risk factors, rural areas

Abstract:Purpose. To analyze the features of formation of comorbidity and age-related patterns of distribution of risk factors (RF) in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tact (GIT) living in rural areas. Materials and methods. In 2015-2017.d. a retrospective analysis of the database of 2500 patients at two sites of General practitioners of Konakov district of Tver region was conducted. Of these, 350 (14% of all the studied out-patient charts) out-patient charts of patients aged 44-53 years (164 men and 186 women) were selected, which contained more complete information about the annual medical examination of the population. In addition, a survey of this population group was conducted for a more detailed retrospective analysis of the incidence and presence of PD during life depth up to 25-35 years. Results. Gastrointestinal diseases were detected in 42 patients (12% of the total group of patients studied); dorsopathy - in 84 patients (24%); arterial hypertension (AH) in 178 patients (50,86%); chronic kidney disease in 12 (3,4%), diabetes in 10 (2,9%) people; other diseases accounted for no more than 3% and 35 (10%) patients had no registered diseases. Basic FRENCH men for life was Smoking. Despite the high percentage of Smoking women aged 18-23 years (47.52%), almost all patients left a bad habit of 34 years. In an additional survey, 97% of women who had smoked earlier explained Smoking cessation to 34 g of children in their family and only 3% of respondents attributed Smoking cessation to deterioration of their health. It is important to note that although the prevalence of overweight in men increased slightly more than in women (40.3% and 36.6%, respectively) with age to 53 years, differences in the increase in the incidence of associated GC increased disproportionately (48.05% and 22.77%, respectively) Conclusion. Thus, the formation of comorbidity in rural areas occurs mainly at the age of 44-53 years. Among the features of comorbidity in these patients, it should be noted the frequent combination of gastrointestinal diseases with hypertension and dorsopathy, and relatively rare-with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular diseases. The “diagnostic failure” observed at the age of 24-43 dictates the need to pay special attention to this age category for the purpose of timely examination and early detection of the initial stages of diseases.

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Denisov I.N., Zaugol’nikova T.V., Popova T. S., Morozova T.E. A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF COMORBIDITY IN RURAL PATIENTS WITH DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):69-73
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1. Anokhin Research Institute of Physiology (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemisitry (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords: E-cadherin, desmoglein 2, cathepsin G, intestinal epithelium, epithelial barrier, immunofluorescence

Abstract:Aim of the study. Determination of the potential opportunity of immune protease cathepsin G (Cat G) to participate in the regulation of homeostasis and protective reactions in the intestinal epithelium by interacting with cell adhesion proteins (cadherins). Materials and methods. Biopsies of the human duodenal mucosa were examined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy using specific antibodies to desmogleins 1-3 (DSGs 1-3), E-cadherin and Cat G of human. Results. The presence of DSG 2 in the contact area of the basolateral membrane of epitheliocytes of intestinal villi and intestinal glands (crypts) with the basal membrane was demonstrated. DSGs 1 and 3 were not detected in the test samples. E-cadherin is located in the zone of the basolateral membrane of enterocytes, goblet cells and Paneth cells. E-cadherin-specific fluorescence is also found between the secretory granules of Paneth cells, which indicates the synthesis of this protein by Paneth cells and/or E-cadherin role in intracellular signaling. In inflammation (duodenitis II-III degree) Cat G-containing granules are localized near the basal membrane of villi and intestinal glands. Conclusions. The catalytic properties of Cat G and its close proximity to the cell adhesion proteins (DSG 2 and E-cadherin) indicate the possibility of interaction of these proteins and their role in the regulation of tissue metabolism, modification and maintenance of the barrier properties of the epithelium during the development of protective and / or pathological processes.

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Zamolodchikova T.S., Tolpygo S.M., Svirshchevskaya E.V. СADHERINS AND СATHEPSIN G IN THE REGULATION OF HOMEOSTASIS AND PROTECTIVE REACTIONS IN THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):74-77
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1. Moscow clinical scientific and practical center. A. S. Loginov (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords: GERD, constipation, motor activity of intestine

Abstract:The aim is to study the electromotor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with GERD with concomitant functional constipation Material and methods. A study was made of the electromotor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in 70 patients with GERD with concomitant functional constipation and 64 patients with GERD with normal stool. Electromotor activity (EMA) was recorded with the help of skin electrodes in the area of the projection of the stomach and sigmoid colon on the anterior abdominal wall. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of slow-wave and spike activity on the electromyogram curve were measured. Results. EMA of the stomach in patients with endoscopically confirmed GERD and the presence of constipation was characterized by increased slow-wave and spike activity. Thus, the frequency of slow waves of the EMA of the stomach exceeds the norm by 78%. The amplitude of slow waves exceeds the norm by half. EMA of the sigmoid colon in patients with endoscopically confirmed GERD and the presence of constipation was characterized by a decrease in slow-wave activity: the frequency of slow waves of the sigmoid colon EMA was 70% of the norm; The amplitude of the slow wave activity is only 0.13 ± 0.06 mV. Conclusion. In patients with GERD and concomitant functional constipation, the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux is high, the gastrointestinal tract EMA was characterized by a more pronounced motor activity of the smooth muscles of the stomach and reduced motor activity of the sigmoid colon, which creates the conditions for an increase in intestinal pressure.

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Full text is published :
Lychkova A. E., Puzikov A. M. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN COMBINATION WITH CONSTIPATION: FEATURES OF THE MOTOR FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH AND SIGMOID COLON. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;154(06):78-80
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