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CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY

    1. Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
    2. Russian National Research Medical University N. I. Pirogov, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

    Keywords: Constipation, children, dietary fi ber, probiotics, laxatives, polyethylene glycol macrogol, lactulose

    Abstract: Constipation among children is an extremely widespread state. They arise at any age and may pose major challenges, disrupting the child’s health with the risk of complications, regressing the quality of life of both the child and his family members. Having arisen once, constipation among children can recur, require repeated and prolonged treatment. For children, functional constipation is the most common. According to international recommendations, it is not necessary to resort to complicated methods for its diagnosis, wherein the treatment and prevention of constipation in children requires a fairly strict adherence to diet, motor activity and drug therapy. The evidence base on the use of certain foods for constipation is expanding. The relationship between constipation and intestinal microbiota disturbance was revealed, providing a theoretical basis for the microbial treatment of chronic constipation. Among the wide variety of laxatives traditionally prescribed for constipation in children’s practice, safe and effective use is proven with the use of polyethylene glycol (macrogol) and lactulose.

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    Full text is published :
    R. A. Fayzullina1, S. V. Belmer Chronic constipation in pediatric practice: what do we know? Anything new? Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;171(11): 16–26. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-171-11-16-26
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    1. Yaroslavl state medical University, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
    2. Research and production company “DNA technology”, Moscow, 117587, Russia

    Keywords: chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori, adolescents

    Abstract: The aim of the work. To establish the features of clinical manifestations and pathomorphology of gastric mucosa in Hp - associated chronic gastritis in adolescents, depending on the genetic characteristics of Hp. Patients and methods. In 133 adolescents with Hp-associated gastritis, polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the presence of pathogenicity factors in the HP genome.
    Results. In 60,9% of cases, highly pathogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori containing genes Cag (A, C, E, F, H, M, T), UreB, UreI, VacAs1, IceA, BabA, hpaA, AlpB and OipA are detected.
    Conclusion. The presence of highly pathogenic strains of Hp does not affect the clinical manifestations of gastritis, but is associated with high rates of contamination, increased inflammation, the appearance of signs of atrophy of the gastric mucosa.

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    Full text is published :
    Spivak E. M., Manyakina O. M., Levit R. M., Kirillov M. Yu., Ogneva L. V., Akkuratova I. S. Genetic characterization of the helicobacter pylori infection in adolescents with chronic gastritis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;171(11): 27–30. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-171-11-27-30
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