1. FSBEI HPE rnsmu. N. And. Pirogov (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. City Clinical Hospital № 17 (Moscow, Russian Federation)
3. ”K+31” Clinic (Moscow, Russian Federation)
4. City Clinical Hospital № 31 (Moscow, Russian Federation)
5. Lomonosov Moscow State (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords:anastomotic ulcers, small bowel bleeding, small bowel resection, enteroscopy

Abstract:Objectives: to evaluate the etiology of anastomotic ulcers (AU), being the sources of small bowel bleeding, using clinical, instrumental features and results of treatment. Materials and methods: From 14.02.2007 to 30.10.2017 from 213 patients, having applied to our hospital with suspected small bowel bleeding, AU were revealed in 8 (3,7%) pts (m-7, f-1, mean age 38,0±14,4 years, range 19-59). There were 7 (87,5%) pts. with obscure overt and 1 (12,5%) with obscure occult bleeding. Diagnostic procedures included videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) and balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) in all of pts. VCE was performed in 6 (75,0%) pts, followed by BAE, which was ineffective in 2 cases. BAE was performed in all 8 pts: it was effective in 6 cases, including 2 pts without previous VCE. Results: Anastomotic ulcers were initially revealed, using VCE, in all cases, then - confirmed using BAE (4) and surgery (2); using only BAE - in 2 pts. Initial conservative treatment, recommended to 6 (75,0%) pts, was effective in 1 case; in other 5 cases surgery was performed because of persisted anemia and rebleeding episodes. Surgery at once was performed in 2 (25,0%) pts. After surgery and histology in 7 pts we revealed ulcers at the anastomotic area in 4 (57,1%) pts, in the middle of long blind loops area in 3 (42,9%) pts. Signs of ischemia and Crohn’s disease were not revealed. Suture material was detected in ulcer bases in 2 (28,6%) pts. All patients have been free of relapse (1-7 years). Conclusions: Using VCE and BAE gave the opportunity to reveal the source of bleeding in pts with AU, suffering for a long time. Having analysed surgery and histology results in 7 pts, we can suppose, that long blind loops, as well as suture material can lead to anastomotic ulceration in patients after SB resection. Further accumulation of clinical material is needed for complete analysis of etiology of AU.

• References total 13 ⇓ :: .
  1. Bhargava S.A. et al. Gastrointestinal bleeding due to delayed perianastomotic ulcers in children. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:807-809.
  2. Charbit-Henrion F. et al. Anastomotic ulcerations after intestinal resection in infancy. Gastroenterology. 2014; 59 (4): 531-536.
  3. Chari S.T. et al. Ileocolonic Anastomotic Ulcers: A case series and review of the literature. The American Journal of gastroenterology. 2000. Vol.95 (5): 1239-1243.
  4. Fisher L.R., Krinsky L. Anderson M. A. et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of obscure GI bleeding. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2010; 72 (3): 471-479.
  5. Goldszmidt D, Duche M, Gauthier F. Small intestine ulcers 12 years after ileosigmoid anastomosis for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Arch Pediatr. 1994; 1:1011-1013.
  6. Gomez E., Valls F. et al. Postoperative small bowel and colonic anastomotic bleeding. Therapeutic management and complications. Cirugia Espanola. 2014; 92 (7): 463-467.
  7. Gurudu R., Bruining D., Acosta R. et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of suspected small-bowel bleeding. ASGE Guideline. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2016: 1-10.
  8. Hamilton A.H et al. Severe anemia and ileocolic anastomotic ulceration. Arch Dis Child. 1992; 67:1385-1386.
  9. Paterson C.A. et al. Late anastomotic ulceration after ileocolic resection in childhood. Can J Surg. 1993; 36: 162-164.
  10. Pennazio M., Eisen G., Goldfarb N. ICCE Consensus for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Endoscopy. 2005; 37 (10): 1046-1050.
  11. Sonheimer J.M et al. Anastomotic ulceration: a late complication of ileocolonic anastomosis. L Pediatr. 1995; 127:225-230.
  12. Weinstock L. B. Endoscopic abnormalities of the anastomosis following resection of colonic neoplasm. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 1994; 40: 558-561.
  13. Ivanova E. V. Sovremennyye metody enteroskopii v diagnostike i lechenii zabolevaniy toshchey i podvzdoshnoy kishki. Doct. Diss. [Modern methods of enteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the jejunum and ileum. Dr. med sci. diss.] Moscow, 2013. 269 p

Full text is published :
Ivanova E.V., Tikhomirova E.V., Larichev S.E., Yudin O.I. et al. ULCERS THIN-INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS AS THE SOURCE OF BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH RESECTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN HISTORY. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;152(04):30-36
Read & Download full text

1. Eramishantsev Clinical Hospital (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. State Research and Clinical Center for Laser Medicine (Moscow, Russian Federation)
3. Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords:malignant colon obstruction, colorectal stenting

Abstract:The aim of the study was to analyze the results of inpatient treatment of patients with malignant colonic obstruction with the use of colorectal stents, and identify the factors associated the unfavorable result of treatment. Materials and methods. The study included 102 patients who, from December 2012 to August 2017, made an urgent attempt to stenting. Stenting was performed under combined (X-ray and endoscopic) control. Double coated and uncovered stents were used. Results. The clinical and technical success rate were 97.0 and 94.1%, respectively. The incidence of complications in the immediate postoperative period was 3.1%. Inpatient mortality rate was 6.1%. The duration of symptoms of colon obstruction is associated with the outcome of an unfavorable outcome. Conclusion. Colorectal stenting is an effective and relatively safe method of relieve of obstructive colonic obstruction of tumor origin. It is necessary to continue the study to assess the long-term outcome of treatment.

• References total 15 ⇓ :: .
  1. WHO Cancer country profile 2014 http://www.who.int/cancer/country-profiles/rus_ru.pdf?ua=1
  2. Sousa M., Pinho R., Proeсna L., Silva J. Predictors of Complications and Mortality in Patients with Self-Expanding Metallic Stents for the Palliation of Malignant Colonic Obstruction. Port J Gastroenterol, 2017, Vol. 24, pp.122-128.
  3. Vodoleev A. S., Duvanskiy V. A. Colorectal stenting for the treatment of malignant colonic obstruction. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2017;139(3):60–66.
  4. Kobborg M., Broholm M., Frostberg E., Jeppesen M., Gögenür I. Short-term results of self-expanding metal stents for acute malignant large bowel obstruction. Colorectal Diseases, 2017, Vol. 19, O365-O371
  5. Meisner S., González-Huix F., Vandervoort J. G., et al. Self-expandable metal stents for relieving malignant colorectal obstruction: short term safety and efficacy within 30 days of stent procedure in 447 patients. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2011, Vol.74, pp. 876-884.
  6. Mitra V., Hu M., Majumdar D., Krishnan V. Safety and efficacy of self-expandable metal stents for obstructive proximal and distal large bowel cancer. J R Coll Physicians Edinb, 2017, Vol. 47, pp. 30-34.
  7. Sharma S. K., Milsom J. W. The evolution of surgery for the treatment of malignant large bowel obstruction Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 16, Issue 3, pp. 112-118.
  8. van Hooft J. E., Bemelman W. A., Oldenburg B., Marinelli A. W. Colonic stenting versus emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet Oncol, 2011, Vol.12, pp. 344-352.
  9. Han S.H., Lee J. H. Colonic stent-related complications and their management. Clinical Endoscopy,2014, Vol. 47, pp. 415-419.
  10. Matsuzawa T., Ishida H., Yoshida S., Isayama H. A Japanese prospective multicenter study of self-expandable metal stent placement for malignant colorectal obstruction: short-term safety and efficacy within 7 days of stent procedure in 513 cases. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2015, Vol. 82, pp. 697-707.
  11. van Halsema E. E., van Hooft J. E. Outcome and complications of stenting for malignant obstruction. Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2014, Vol.16, pp.129-134.
  12. Nagula S., Ishill N., Nash C., Markowitz A. J. Quality of Life and Symptom Control after Stent Placement or Surgical Palliation of Malignant Colorectal Obstruction. American College of Surgeons.2010, Vol. 210, No. 1, January, pp. 45-53.
  13. Baron T.H., Wong Kee Song L. M., Repici A. Role of self-expandable stents for patients with colon cancer. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2012, Vol.75, pp. 653-62.
  14. Reeders J.W., Rosenbusch G., Tytgat G. N. Ischaemic colitis associated with carcinoma of the colon. Eur J Radiol, 1982, Vol.2, pp. 41-47.
  15. Sasaki K., Kazama S., Sunami E., et al. One-stage segmental colectomy and primary anastomosis after intraoperative colonic irrigation and total colonoscopy for patients with obstruction due to left-sided colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum, 2012, Vol. 55, pp. 72-78.

Full text is published :
Vodoleev A.S., Duvanskiy V.A., Malyuga V.Yu., Kryazhev D.L. SHORT-TERM RESULTS OF COLORECTAL STENTING IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT LARGE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;152(04):37-41
Read & Download full text

1. Interregional Clinical-Diagnostic Center
2. Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Kazan, Russian Federation)
3. Kazan (Volga region) Federal University (Kazan, Russian Federation)
4. Kazan State Medical University (Kazan, Russian Federation)

Keywords: endopapillary interventions, early postmanipulation complications, treatment of choledocholithiasis, sphincter of Oddi insufficiency

Abstract:Aim: Modern technologies involve the use of minimally invasive interventions in the treatment of choledocholithiasis, however, despite the improvements in endoscopic techniques, the total number of early complications is still at a consistently high level and is 0.8-20%, with mortality rates of 1.5-2%. Sphincter of Oddi insufficiency, stenosis of major duodenal papilla, the recurrence of choledocholithiasis are most common complications at late stages after the endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. Еndopapillary interventions are the “gold” standard of choledocholithiasis treatment and increasing their safety requires further study and development. Result: A “Method of endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis and prevention of postmanipulation complications” (Patent of Russian Federation for invention № 2644307 dated by 08.02.2018) was devepoled. Thirty seven patients with choledocholithiasis were treated according to the proposed method during the period of 2016-2017. Early postoperative complications were not observed. Transient amylasemia was revealed in 12 patients (32%). Signs of sphincter of Oddi insufficiency were found in 1 of 7 patients (14.3%) who underwent hepatobiliscintigraphy. Conclusion: The developed method of endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis allows to prevent the development of early and late postmanipulation complications.

• References total 21 ⇓ :: .
  1. Aliev Iu. G. Miniinvasive surgery for the treatment of the complicated cholelithiasis. Khirurgiya. Zhurnal imeni N. I. Pirogova. 2013;(5):73–75.
  2. Gal’perin E.I., Vetshev P. S. Mannual of bile duct surgery. Moscow: Vidar-M; 2006. 362 p. Russian
  3. Akhaladze G. G. Choledocholithiasis. Cholangitis and Biliary Sepsis: in What Lies the Difference? Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii. 2013;18(1):54–58.
  4. Shapovalyants S. G., Ardasenov T. B., Pankov A. G., Budzinsky S. A., Veselova V. S. Difficult choledocholithiasis – result of overdue surgical treatment of gallstone disease. RJGHC. 2013. Vol.23: no.4, pp.15–21.
  5. Colton J.B, Curran C.C. Quality indicators, including complications, of ERCP in a community setting: a prospective study. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2009; 70 (3): 457-467.
  6. Kapral C, Duller C, Wewalka F, Kerstan E, Vogel W, Schreiber F. Case volume and outcome of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: results of a nationwide Austrian benchmarking project. Endoscopy. 2008; 40 (8): 625-630.
  7. Gomutbutra T. Risk factors and techniques affecting surgical outcome of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography difficulties. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005; 88 (8): 1103-9.
  8. Bystrovskaia E. V., Orlova Iu. N. Choledocholithiasis occurrence in postcholecystectomic syndrome. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2008;(3):33–6
  9. Sayfutdinov I. M., Slavin L. E., Muraviyov V. Yu., Ivanov A. I. Endosonography as a method of prevention compications retrograte transpapillary interventions. Oncology bulletin of the Volga region. 2016;24(2):59–65.
  10. Nechitailo M. Ye., Ogorodnik P. V., Belyaev V. V. et al. Complications of endoscopic transpapillary interventions. Clinical surgery. 2006; no.8, pp. 19–21. (In Russ.)
  11. Bagnenko S. F., Каbаnоv М. U., Iakovleva D. М., Degtyarev D. B., Pirlekov D. R., Кrаdenov А. V., Bunin V. А. Optimizing of treatment strategy of patients with cholelithiasis complicated by choledocholithiasis. vestnik-rossijskoi-voenno-meditsinskoi-akademii 2011,35(3):35–42.
  12. Mandryka Y, Klimczak J, Duszewski M, Kondras M, Modzelewski B. Bile duct infections as a late complication after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006; 21 (126): 525-7.
  13. Chan H.H, Lai K.H, Lin C.K, Tsai W.L, Peng N.J, Hsu P.I, Lo G.H, Wei M.C, Wang E.M, Chang H.W. Impact of food on hepatic clearance of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy. J Chin Med Assoc. 2009; 72 (1): 10-4.
  14. Yurchenko V. V. Some aspects of endoscopic sphincterotomy and corresponding control. Siberian Medical Journal (Irkutsk). 2005;58(8):19–21.
  15. Shapoval’yanets SG, Fedorov ED, Orlov S. Yu., Galkova Z. V. Endoscopic balloon dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi is a modern alternative to papillosphincterotomy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Endoskopicheskaya khirurgiya 2001, no.4, pp:48–56.
  16. Kondo S, Yamamoto N, Nakai Y, Sasahira N, Hirano K, Tsujino T, Isayama H, Toda N, Komatsu Y, Tada M, Yoshida H, Kawabe T, Otomo K, Omata M. Preservation of papillary relaxation after endoscopic papillary balloon dilation. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008; 55 (84): 855-858.
  17. Weinberg B.M, Shindy W, Lo S. Endoscopic balloon sphincter dilation (sphincteroplasty) versus sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 4: CD004890.
  18. Kochhar R, Dutta U, Shukla R, Nagi B, Singh K, Wig J.D. Sequential endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation following limited sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2009; 54 (7): 1578-1581.
  19. Li N.P, Liu J.Q, Zhou Z.Q, Ji T.Y, Cai X.Y, Zhu Q.Y. Ampulla dilation with different sized balloon store move common bile duct stones. World J Gastroenterol. 2013; 19 (6): 903-908.
  20. Aizawa T, Ueno N. Stent placement in the pancreatic duct prevents pancreatitis after endoscopic sphincter dilation for removal of bile duct stones. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2001; 54 (2): 209-13.
  21. Espinel J, Pinedo E. Large balloon dilation for removal of bile duct stones. Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig. 2008; 100 (10): 632-636.

Full text is published :
Sayfutdinov I.M.1, Slavin L.E., Khayrullin R.N.1, Abdulkhakov S.R. et al. A NEW METHOD OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS AND PREVENTION OF POSTMANIPULATION COMPLICATIONS. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;152(04):42-47
Read & Download full text

1. Sechenov University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
2. Moscow City Clinical Hospital № 15 named after O. M. Filatov (Moscow, Russian Federation)

Keywords: acute biliary pancreatitis, incarcerated calculus, major duodenal papilla, endoscopic decompression of bile ducts

Abstract:Aim: To evaluate the factors affecting the development of acute biliary pancreatitis by incarcerated calculus of the terminal portion of the common bile duct. Materials and methods: The results of treating 60 patients with incarcerated calculus of the terminal portion of the common bile duct after endoscopic intervention on the major duodenal papilla were analyzed. Results: Patients were divided into two groups: with acute pancreatitis (group 1, n = 34) and with no changes in the pancreas (group 2, n = 26). To compare the groups, laboratory, and endoscopic results were analyzed. According to case history, 26 patients (76%) from group 1 and 2 patients (8%) from group 2 had chronic pancreatitis. There was also a decrease in the development of acute pancreatitis to 11.8% of cases in patients who had undergone early (less than 6 hours) endoscopic papillotomy and lithotomy. Conclusion: It is established that the presence in the history of chronic pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, and concomitant purulent cholangitis is a prognostic criterion for the development of acute biliary pancreatitis. It is established that acute biliary pancreatitis may develop due to chronic pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, and concomitant purulent cholangitis in history as well as due to late (more than 6 hours) decompression and sanation of bile ducts.

• References total 16 ⇓ :: .
  1. Andryushchenko V. P., Lysyuk Yu. S. Kholedokholitiaz i ostryy biliarnyy pankreatit: lechebno-takticheskiye aspekty [Choledocholithiasis and acute biliary pancreatitis: therapeutic and tactical aspects]. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii – Annals of surgical hepatology. 1998;3(3), pp.31–32.
  2. Voskresenskiy O. V., Timoshin A. D., A. A. Movchun A. A., Skripenko O. G. Biliary complications of chronic pancreatitis: diagnosis, surgical tactics. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol 1994; 4(3):26–31
  3. Gal’perin E.I., Dyuzheva T. G., Akhaladze G. G. «Reshennyye» i «nereshennyye» voprosy lecheniya tyazhelogo ostrogo pankreatita [“Solved” and “unresolved” issues of the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis]. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii – Annals of surgical hepatology. 2007, no.3, pp.173–182.
  4. Kondratenko P. G., Stukalo A. A. Minimally invasive technologies in patients with acute obstruction of terminal common bile duct. Ukrainian journal of surgery. 2013;22(3), pp.80–83.
  5. Kotovskiy A. Ye; Dyuzheva T. G.; Glebov K.G; Shefer A. V., Dzhus Ye. V. Endoskopicheskoye drenirovaniye glavnogo pankreaticheskogo protoka pri ostrom pankreatite [Endoscopic drainage of the main pancreatic duct in acute pancreatitis.]. IV Belomorskiy kongress. Vserossiyskaya konferentsiya s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem [IV The White Sea Congress. All-Russian conference with international participation] Arkhangelsk, 2011, pp. 18
  6. Maystrenko N. A., Stukalov V. V. Kholedokholitiaz [Choledocholithiasiss]. SPb, ELBI-SPb Publ., 2000. 288 p.
  7. Mamedov S. H., Klimov A. E., Nazarov D. T., Sadovnikova Е. Yu. Diagnostic markers of acute cholangitis in biliary pancreatitis in patients with impacted stones of the major duodenal papilla. Medical Herald of the South of Russia. 2017: 8 (3); 64–70
  8. Nichitaylo M. Ye., Ogorodnik P. V., Deynichenko A. G., Kolomiytsev V.I, Khrystyuk D. I. Minimal’no invazivnaya patologiya oslozhnennykh form kholedokholitiaza [Minimal invasive pathology of complicated forms of choledocholithiasis] Khar’kivska khirurgichna shkola – Kharkiv school of science 2013: 59 (2); 12–17
  9. Tolstoi A. D., Bagnenko S. F., Krasnogorov V. B. et al. Acute pancreatitis: diagnostic and treatment protocols. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2005, no.7, pp.19–23.
  10. Savel’yev V. S. Pankreonekroz. Sostoyaniye i perspektiva [Pancreatic necrosis. Condition and perspective]. Moscow, Meditsina Publ., 1983, 240 p.
  11. Filimonov M. I., Burnevich S. Z. Khirurgiya pankreonekroza. 50 lektsiy po khirurgii. Pod redaktsiyey V. S. Savel’yeva [Surgery of pancreatic necrosis. 50 lectures on surgery. Edited by V. S. Savel’eva]. Moscow, 2003, 243–250 p.
  12. Yarosh A. L. Diagnostika, prognozirovaniye iskhodov i lecheniye kholedokholitiaza i yego oslozhneniy. Diss. dokt. med. Nauk [Diagnosis, prognosis of outcomes and treatment of choledocholithiasis and its complications. Doct. Diss.]. Belgorod, 2013. 293 p.
  13. Fan S.T., Lai E. C.S., Mok F. et al. Early treatment of acute biliary pancreatitisby endoscopic papillotomy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993., Т. 328., P. 228-232
  14. Folsch U. R., Nitsche R., Ludtke R. Early ERCP and papillotomy compared withconservative treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis, The German Study Group onAcute Biliary Pancreatitis, N. Engl. J. Med.,1997, Vol. 336. P. 237-242
  15. Lerch M., Aghdassi Ali. Gallstone-related pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Pancreapedia: Exocrine Pancreas Knowledge Base[Internet]. 2016. Available from:: http:// dx.doi.org/10.3998/panc.2016.24. doi: 10.3998/panc.2016.2
  16. Takano Y., Nagahama M., Maruoka N., Yamamura E. Clinical features of gallstone impaction at the ampulla of Vater and the e ectiveness of endoscopic biliary drainage without pa- pillotomy. Endosc Int Open. - 2016., V.04(07), P. 806-811

Full text is published :
Zvereva A.A., Kotovsky A.E., Glebov K.G., Dyuzheva T.G.PREDICTORS, THAT INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS WITH AN INCARCERATED CALCULUS OF THE SPHINCTER OF ODDI. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;152(04):48-52
Read & Download full text

1. Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians — Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation)
2. Municipal Hospital Nr.29 (Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation)

Keywords: chronic gastritis, endoscopic diagnosis, microscopic diagnosis

Abstract:Article is devoted to the analysis of compliance of endoscopic and histological studies of different forms of chronic gastritis. Results of inspection of 3593 pa-tients with chronic gastritis are studied in long dynamic observation. The analysis of endoscopic signs in a descriptive picture of chronic gastritis irrespective of prescription of a disease has revealed three main general signs: diversity, unevenness, foci of atrophy of gastric mucosa. Analysis of the microscopic picture showed the same atrophic-hyperplastic processes of varying degrees of severity in different forms of chronic gastritis (hypertrophic - nodular, verrucous, polypoid, small and large focal atrophic gastritis). There is high degree of correlation between the endoscopic and microscopic features. The scheme of development and interpretation of chronic gastritis is offered. Use in practice of the endoscopist the conclusion “chronic subatrophic gastritis” to a stage “chronic atrophic gastritis” is proved.

• References total 25 ⇓ :: .
  1. Kononov A. V., Mozgovoi S. I., Shimanskaya A. G. et al. Immunohistochemical detection of biomolecular markers for metaplastic mucosal atrophy in gastric biopsy specimens. Archive of pathology. 2014;76(6):44–50
  2. Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994/ Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, Correa P. // Am J Surg Pathol 1996; 20: 1161–81.
  3. Gastritis staging in clinical practice: the OLGA staging system/ Rugge M, Meggio A, Pennelli G, et al. // Gut 2007; 56: 631–636.
  4. Mozgovoy S. I., Shimanskaya A. G., Osintseva I. L. et al. Russian revision of the international classification of chronic gastritis: evaluation of a new diagnostic approach using kappa statistics./ Omsk Scientific Bulletin, 2010;1(94):84–88
  5. McMahon RFT. Reporting gastritis – relevant and irrelevant information // BDIAP Meeting Ainley Top May 2010
  6. Shimanskaya A. G. Morphological methods and expert approach in verifying the atrophy of the gastric mucosa in the biopsy diagnosis of atrophic gastritis. Young Scientist. April, 2012;4(39):496–504
  7. Kayaçetin S., Güreşçi S. What is gastritis? What is gastropathy? How is it classified?// Turk J Gastroenterol 2014; 25: 233–247
  8. In vivo histopathology using endocytoscopy for non-neoplastic changes in the gastric mucosa: a prospective pilot study (with video)/ Sato H., Inoue H., Hayee B. H. et al.// Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 81: 875–881
  9. Genta R M, Rugge M. Gastric precancerous lesions: heading for an international consensus// Gut 1999; 45 (Suppl I): I5–I8
  10. Block B., Schachschal G., Schmidt H. Endoscopy of the Upper GI Tract: – Georg Thieme Verlag, 2004
  11. Saveliev V. S., Buyanov V. M. Guide to clinical endoscopy. Moscow; 1985
  12. Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract / Ed. prof. S. A. Blashentseva. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media Publ., 2009. pp. 520: ill. (Library of the specialist doctor).
  13. Rapoport S. I. Gastrites (Manual for doctors). Moscow, "Medpraktika-M" Publ., 2010. pp. 20
  14. Desai H. G. Investigations Proposed to Accurately Classify Chronic Gastritis// JAPI April 2007; Vol. 55: 293–296
  15. Volova A. V. Complex endoscopic examination in the diagnosis of chronic gastritis: author's abstract. diss. Ph.D., Moscow, 2006
  16. Conventional videoendoscopy can identify Helicobacter pylori gastritis?/ Gomes A., Skare T. L., Prestes M. A. et al. // ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig 2016; 29 (2): 73–76
  17. Atlas of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy@Endoscopic Biopsis/Emory T.S., Carpenter H. A., Gostout C. J., Sobin L. H.: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, American Registry of Pathology, Washington, 2000
  18. Histologic intestinal metaplasia and endoscopic atrophy are predictors of gastric cancer development after Helicobacter pylori eradication/ Shichijo S., Hirata Y., Niikura R.et al.// Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84: 618–624
  19. Aruin L. I., Grigoriev P. Ya., Isakov V. A., Yakovenko E. P. Chronic gastritis: Amsterdam; 1993: pp. 308
  20. Shestakov A. G. Morphological characteristics and morphogenesis of chronic gastritis stump of the stomach: author's abstract. diss. Ph.D., Chelyabinsk, 2004
  21. Marzhatka Z. – Endoscopy of the digestive tract: Nomenclature OMED – M .: Olympus, 1996. – 136 p.
  22. Atlas of GE and Related Pathology/ K.F.R. Schiller, R. Cockel, R. H. Hunt, B. F. Warren. – Blackwell Science, 2004
  23. Kimura K, Takemoto T. An endoscopic recognition of the atrophic border and its signifiance in chronic gastritis// Endoscopy 1969;3:87–97.
  24. Autoimmune Gastritis. A Clinicopathologic Study of 25 Cases/ Chlumská A., Boudová L., Beneš Z., Zámečník M.// Čes.-slov. Patol., 41, 2005, No. 4, p. 137–142
  25. Kononov A. V., Mozgovoi S. I., Markelova M. V., Shimanskaya A. G. Biomarker principle of atrophy detection of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis. Prospects of Science. 2013;10(49):58–61

Full text is published :
Korotkevich A.G., Aksenov P.V. TO ENDOSCOPIC CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC GASTRITISES. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology Journal. 2018;152(04):53-59
Read & Download full text