JOURNAL CONTENT
CONTACT

Submission of the manuscript is online via e-mail
ecgarticle@gmail.com or
cholerez@mail.ru

Tel: +7 903 250 5288

Editorial Correspondence e-mail
gastrossr@gmail.com


Publishing, Subscriptions, Sales and Advertising, Correspondence e-mail
journal@cniig.ru

Tel: +7 917 561 9505

THE RULES OF SUBMITTING AN ARTICLE

READ

Scimago Journal & Country Rank

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

LECTION

    1. South Ural state medical University, Ministry of health of Russia (Chelyabinsk, Russia)

    Keywords: antituberculosis drug, hepatotoxicity, drug-induced liver injury

    Abstract: The development of hepatotoxic reactions is one of the most common and clinically signifi cant side eff ects of antituberculosis drugs (АTP). The article presents information about risk factors, pathogenetic mechanisms of the drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in chemotherapy of tuberculosis. The characteristic of АTP, with a higher incidence of hepatotoxic reactions, is given. The main principles of diagnosis and treatment of DILI induced by ATP are given. The relevance of the use of hepatoprotectors to prevent unwanted reactions of chemotherapy for tuberculosis has been noted.

      1. Vasilyeva I. A., Belilovsky E. M., Borisov S. E., Sterlikov S. A. WHO Global tuberculosis reports: compilation and interpretation. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 2017, Vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 7–16. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21292/2075–1230–2017–95–5–7–16
      2. Shilova M. V. Tubercules v Rossii v 2016 g. [Tuberculosis in Russia in 2016]/ M. V. Shilova. – Voronezh, 2016, 108 p.
      3. Zdravoohranenie v Rossii. 2017 [Health care in Russia. 2017: Stat. Sat.] Moscow, Rosstat., 2017, pр. 170.
      4. WHO – World Health Organization 2015. A guide to monitoring and evaluation for collaborative TB/HIV activities: 2015 revision. –2015. – Р.44.
      5. Nechayeva O. B., Eismont N. V. Epidemiology situation on tuberculosis and hiv-infection in the Russian Federation. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2017, Vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 13–19. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21292/2075–1230– 2017–95–3–13–19
      6. Sukhova E. V., Barsukov V. N., Sukhov V. M., Zainullin N. S. Factors reducing adherence to therapy and abilities to enhance motivation for treatment// Russian Pulmonology. 2007, no.2, pp. 50–55.
      7. Balasanyants G. S., Sukhanov D. S., Ayzikov D. L. Pobochnie deystvia protivotuberculesnih preparatov i metodi ih ustranenija: study guide [Side eff ects of anti-tuberculosis drugs and methods for their elimination [Text]: study guide]// St. Petersburg: Tactic Studio, 2015, р.86
      8. Mordyk A. V., Kondrya A. V., Gaponenko G. Ye. Th e frequency of adverse reactions to antituberculous agents in fi rst detected patients older than 18 years with pulmonary tuberculosis and the factors infl uencing their development// Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2010, no.2, pp. 44–48.
      9. Ivanova D A., Borisov S. E., Ryzhov А М., Ivanushkina T. N. Frequency and risk of severe adverse reactions development in the treatment of new tuberculosis patients. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 2012, no. 12, pp. 15–22. (In Russ.)
      10. Voznenko A. A., Aksyonova V. A., Odinets V. S. Experience of Ursosan as hepatoprotector agent at patients with respiratory tuberculosis// Clinical perspectives of gastroenterology, hepatology. 2011, no. 5, pp. 26–32.
      11. Buyeverov A. O. Drug-induced hepatitis: if the drug cannot be cancelled// Clinical perspectives of gastroenterology, hepatology. 2007, no. 5, pp. 1–7
      12. Kolpakova T. A. Th e problem of comorbidity in the clinic of lung tuberculosis// Acta Biomedica Scientifi ca. 2011, No. 2 (78), pp. 48–51.
      13. Biron E. V., Kalinina M. V. Lecarstvennie poragenia pecheni u bolnich tuberculosom i metodi ih correkcii [Drug lesions of the liver in patients with tuberculosis and the possibility of their correction.]// Farmateka. 2014, No. 4 (257), p. 84–92.
      14. Tostmann A., Boeree M. J., Aarnoutse R. E. et al. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: concise up-to-date review. // J Gastroenterol Hepatol. – 2008. – № 23. – Р.192–202.
      15. Tweed C.D., Wills G. H., Crook A. M. et al. Liver toxicity associated with tuberculosis chemotherapy in the REMoxTB study. // BMC Med. 2018. – V.16, № 46. – Р. 1033–1037.
      16. Tost J.R., Vidal R., Cayla J. et al. Severe hepatotoxicity due to anti-tuberculosis drugs in Spain. // Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. – 2005. – № 9. – Р.534–540.
      17. Yee D., Valiquette C., Pelletier M. et al. Incidence of serious side eff ects from first-line antituberculosis drugs among patients treated for active tuberculosis. // Am. J. Respir. Crit Care Med. – 2003. – № 167. – Р. 1472–1477.
      18. Hu X., Zhang M., Bai H. et al. Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Adverse Events in the Liver, Kidneys, and Blood: Clinical Profi les and Pharmacogenetic Predictors. // Clin. Pharmacol. Th er. – 2017. – Oct 26. doi: 10.1002/cpt.924.
      19. Feschenko Yu.I., Cherenko S. A., Maltsev V. I. Ocenca snachimosti pobochnih reaccij protivotuberculesnih preparatov pri lechenii tuberculesa [Assessment of the signifi cance of adverse reactions of anti-TB drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis]// Ukr. honey. Chronicle. 2008, № 5, pp. 117–125.
      20. Federal clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tuberculosis. Tver, Triada Publishing House LLC., 2014, р.56.
      21. Hosford J.D., von Fricken M. E., Lauzardo M. et al. Hepatotoxicity from antituberculous therapy in the elderly: a systematic review. // Tuberculosis (Edinb). – 2015. – V. 95, № 2. – Р.112–122.
      22. Murray M. Altered CYP expression and function in response to dietary factors: potential roles in disease pathogenesis. // Curr. Drug. Metab. – 2006. – V.7, № 1. – Р. 67–81.
      23. Lima Mde F., Melo H. R. Hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drugs among patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis. // Cad. Saude. Publica. – 2012. – V.28, № 4. – Р.698–708.
      24. Zimina V. N., Kravchenko A. V., Ziuzia Yu. R. Specifi c features of tuberculosis combined with other secondary conditions in hiv patients// HIV infection and immunosuppression. 2011, Vol. 3, No. 3, P. 45–51.
      25. Ye H., Nelson L. J., Gómez del Moral M. et al. Dissecting the molecular pathophysiology of drug-induced liver injury. // World J. Gastroenterol. – 2018. – V.24, № 13. – Р.1373–1385.
      26. Baskaran U.L., Sabina E. P. Clinical and experimental research in antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a review. // J. Integr. Med. – 2017. – V.15, № 1. Р. 27–36.
      27. Chang T.E., Huang Y. S., Chang C. H. et al. Th e susceptibility of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury and chronic hepatitis C infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. // J. Chin. Med. Assoc. – 2018. – V.81, № 2. – Р.111–118.
      28. Ohno M., Yamaguchi I., Yamamoto I. et al. Slow N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype aff ects the incidence of isoniazid and rifampicininduced hepatotoxicity. // Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. – 2000. – V.4, № 3. – Р. 256–261.
      29. Sheng Y.J., Wu G., He H. Y. et al. Th e association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and hepatotoxicity due to antituberculosis drugs: a meta-analysis. // Infect. Genet. Evol. – 2014. – № 24. – Р.34–40.
      30. Brito T.C., Possuelo L. G., Valim A. R.M. et al. Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 and antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. //An Acad. Bras. Cienc. – 2014. – V. 86, № 2. – Р. 855–865.
      31. Song S.H., Chang H. E., Jun S. H. et al. Relationship between CES2 genetic variations and rifampicin metabolism. // J. Antimicrob. Chemother. – 2013. – V.68, № 6. – Р.1281–1284.
      32. Kim S.H., Kim S. H., Yoon H. J. et al. TNF-α genetic polymorphism –308G/A and antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. // Liver Int. – 2012. – V.32, № 5. – Р. 809–814.
      33. Moore L.B., Parks D. J., Jones S. A. et al. Orphan nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor share xenobiotic and steroid ligands. // J. Biol. Chem. – 2000. – V.275, № 20. – Р. 15122–15127.
      34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Severe isoniazid-associated liver injuries among persons being treated for latent tuberculosis infection – United States, 2004–2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. // World J. Gastroenterol. – 2018. – V. 24, № 13. – Р. 1373–1385.
      35. Sheen E., Huang R. J., Uribe L. A., Nguyen M. H. Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity Requiring Liver Transplantation. // Dig. Dis. Sci. – 2014. – V.59, № 7. – Р.1370–1374.
      36. Allouchery M., Logerot S., Cottin J. et al. Antituberculosis Drug-Associated DRESS: A Case Series. // J Al lergy 2198(17)30909–1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.11.021. [Epub ahead of print]
      37. Pal R., Rana S. V., Vaiphei K., Singh K. Isoniazid-rifampicin induced lipid hanges in rats. // Clin. Chim. Acta. – 2008. – № 389(1–2). – Р. 55–60.
      38. Baskaran U.L., Sabina E. P. Th e food supplement coenzyme Q10 and suppression of antitubercular drug-induced hepatic injury in rats: the role of antioxidant defence system, antiinfl ammatory cytokine IL-10. // Cell Biol. Toxicol. – 2015. – № 31(4–5). – Р. 211–219.
      39. Tailor А., Faulkner L., Naisbitt D. J., Park B. K. Th e chemical, genetic and immunological basis of idiosyncratic drug–induced liver injury. // Human and Experimental Toxicology. – 2015. – V. 34, № 12. – Р. 1310–1317.
      40. Chan P.C., Yang C. H., Chang L. Y. et al. Latent tuberculosis infection treatment for prison inmates: a randomised controlled trial. // Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. – 2012. – № 16. – Р. 633–638.
      41. Pease C., Hutton B., Yazdi F. et al. A systematic review of adverse events of rifapentine and isoniazid compared to other treatments for latent tuberculosis infection. // Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. – 2018 Mar 23. doi: 10.1002/ pds.4423. [Epub ahead of print]
      42. Kuznetsova Ye.L., Shirokova Ye.N., Ivashkin V. T. New data on molecular mechanisms of hepatobiliary transport// RJGHC. 2006, Vol.16, No. 6, – P. 9.
      43. Ichai P., Saliba F., Antoun F. et al. Acute liver failure due to antitubercular therapy: Strategy for antitubercular treatment before and aft er liver transplantation. // Liver Transpl. – 2010. – V.16, № 10. – Р.1136–1146.
      44. Kim H.W., Kim J. S., Baciewicz A. M., Self T. H. Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Its Clinical Effi cacy. // Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). – 2018. – V. 81, № 1. – Р. 6–12.
      45. Yamazaki S. Relationships of Changes in Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Substrate Drugs in Drug-Drug Interactions on Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters. // J Clin Pharmacol. – 2018. May 3. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1104. [Epub ahead of print]
      46. Shih T.Y., Pai C. Y., Yang P. et al. A novel mechanism underlies the hepatotoxicity of pyrazinamide. // Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. – 2013. – V. 57, № 4. – Р. 1685–1690.
      47. Guilliford M, MacKay AD, Prawse K. Cholestatic jaundice caused by ethambutol. Br Med J 1986; 292: 866. PubMed Citation
      48. Kaswala DH. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome due to anti-TB medication. J Family Med Prim Care 2013; 2: 83–5.
      49. Chalasani N.P., Hayashi P. H., Bonkovsky H. L. et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: Th e Diagnosis and Management of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury. // Am. J. Gastroenterol. advance online publication. – 17 June 2014; doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.131
      50. Ivashkin V. T., Mayevskaya M. V., Zharkova M. S. et al. Algoritmi diagnostiki i lechenia v gepatologii. Spravochnie materiali [Algorithms for diagnosis and treatment in hepatology. Reference materials.] Moscow, MEDPress-inform. – 2016, 176 p.
      51. Raykhelson KL, Palgova LK, Kondrashina E. A. et al. Lecarstvennie poragenia pecheni. Klinicheskie recomendacii dlja vrachei [Medicinal lesions of the liver. Clinical guidelines for doctors.] Moscow, MEDpress-inform. 2018, 80p
      52. Wendon J., Cordoba J., Dhawan A. et al. EASL Clinical Practical Guidelines on the management of acute (fulminant) liver failure. // J. Hepatol. – 2017. – V. 66, № 5. – Р.1047–1081.
      53. Kumar N., Kedarisetty C. K., Kumar S. et al. Antitubercular therapy in patients with cirrhosis: Challenges and options // World J. Gastroenterol. – 2014. – V.20, № 19. – Р. 5760–5772.
      54. Xu L., Zhang F., Xu C. et al. Is the Prophylactic Use of Hepatoprotectants Necessary in Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment? // Chemotherapy. – 2017. -№ 62. – Р.269–278
      55. Saito Z., Kaneko Y., Kinoshita A. et al. Eff ectiveness of hepatoprotective drugs for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a retrospective analysis. // BMC Infect Dis. – 2016. – V.16, № 1. – Р.668.
      56. Luangchosiri C., Thakkinstian A., Chitphuk S. et al. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial of silymarin for the prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury // BMC Complement Altern Med. – 2015. – № 15. – Р. 334.
      57. Novikova T. I., Novikov V. S. Opit primenenija preparata “Fosfogliv» v terapii poragenia pecheni na fone chimioterapii legkih [Experience of the use of the drug “PHOSPHOGLIV” in the treatment of liver damage during chemotherapy of the lungs]// Tuberculosis and lung disease. IX Congress of Russian phthisiatricians: conference materials. – 2011. – no. 5. p. 76.
      58. Baniasadi S., Eft ekhari P., Tabarsi P. et al. Protective eff ect of N-acetylcysteine on antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. // Eur J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2010. – № 22. – Р.1235–1238.
      59. Liu X., Zhao M., Mi J. et al. Protective Eff ect of Bicyclol on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury in Rats. // Molecules. – 2017. – № 7. Р.22–24.
      60. Volchegorsky I. A., Novoselov P. N., Ushkarev E. V. Eff ect of Remaxol on the effi ciency of standard treatment for infi ltrative pulmonary tuberculosis// Th erapeutical Archive. 2016, no. 3, pp.73–78. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201688373–78.
     


    Full text is published :
    Dolgushina A. I., Volchegorsky I. A., Novoselov P. N., Ushkareva E. V., Olevskaya E. R., Kuznetsova A. S. Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;156(8): 116–124.DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-156-8-116-124
    Read & Download full text

    1. E. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University (614990, Perm, Russia)
    2. Perm Regional Hospital (614990, Perm, Russia)

    Keywords: hepatotoxicity, psychotropic drugs

    Abstract: Now in psychiatric practice the big range of both traditional, and modern psychotherapeutic drugs is used. Many of them are capable to cause a damage to a liver which can proceed as it is asymptomatic, and to have a serious fulminantny current. Especially it touches the patients having risk factors of drugs hepatotoxic. In this regard at the choice of psychotropic drug in each case it is necessary to consider a background structurally functional condition of a liver of the patient, to compare these data with potential risks of hepatotoxic of this drug, without losing sight also of a possibility of an idiosyncrasy. The algorithm of maintaining patients with the taped hepatotoxic has to include use of potentially possible hepatotropic drugs, according to mechanisms of their corrective action and also measures of prevention of repeated hepatotoxic reactions.

      1. Buyeverov A. O. Medicinal damages of a liver RMJ, 2012, 3, pp.107–112.
      2. Lewis JH. Th e rational use of potentially hepatotoxic medications in patients with underlying liver disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2002, 1(2), рр.159–72.
      3. Shpaner A, Li W, Ankoma-Sey V, Botero RC. Drug-induced liver injury: hepatotoxicity of quetiapine revisited. Eur О Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2008, 20 (11), рр.1106–9.
      4. Bakulin I. G., Sandler Yu. G. Possibilities of application of gepatoprotektor in practice of the therapist CONSILIUM MEDICUM. Gastroenterology. Surgery, 2013, 12 (8), pp.3–6.
      5. Sivolap Yu. P. Th e problem of hepatotoxicity in psychiatry. Psychiatry and psychopharmacotherapy of P. B. Gannushkin. 2013, 01, pp.29–32.
      6. Gupta NK, Lewis JH. Review article: the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs in patients with liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Th er, 2008, 28 (9), pp.1021–41.
      7. Guo JJ, Wigle PR, Lammers K, Vu O. Comparison of potentially hepatotoxic drugs among major US drug compendia. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2005, 1 (3), pp. 460–79.
      8. Dumortier G, Cabaret W, Stamatiadis L et al. Hepatic tolerance of atypical antipsychotic drugs. Encephale, 2002, 28 (6), рр. 542–51.
      9. Atasoy N, Erdogan A, Yalug I et al. A review of liver function tests during treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs: a chart review study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiat, 2007, 31 (6), рр. 125–60.
      10. Copur M, Erdogan A. Risperidone rechallenge for marked liver function test abnormalities in an autistic child. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immun Drug Dis, 2011, 5 (3), рр. 237–9.
      11. Sedky K, Nazir R, Joshi A et al. Which psychotropic medications induce hepatotoxicity? Gen Hosp Psychiat, 2012, 34 (1), рр. 53–61.
      12. Th eresa M. Gerst et al. Antiepileptics for psychiatric illness: fi nd the right match. Current Psychiatry, 2010 (December), 9 (12), рр. 50–66.
      13. Vlasov P. N., Orekhova N. V., Antonyuk M. V., Filatova N. V. Side eff ects of valproat. Clinical epileptologiya, 2009, no.1, pp.1–6.
      14. Vysotina Yu.N., Gurov N. V., Eremina Yu.O., Pelenkov E. A., Grey N. V., Shald T. P., Shapovalova E. A., Gatsky I. V. Hepatotoxicity of antiepileptic drugs. Th e collection of scientifi c works following the results of the international and practical conference “Current Problems and Achievements in Medicine”, Samara 2015, pp. 215–218.
      15. Schmid MM, Freudenmann RW, Keller F et al. Non-fatal and fatal liver failure associated with valproic acid. Pharmacopsychiat. 2013 Mar, 46(2), pp. 63–8.
      16. Amato L, Minozzi S, Davoli M. Effi cacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, 6, CD008537.
      17. Cooper E, Vernon J. Th e eff ectiveness of pharmacological approaches in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS): a literature review. О Psychiat Ment Health Nurs, 2012 Sep, 20 (7), рр. 601–12.
      18. Alekhnovich A. V., Ivanov V. B., Livanov A. S., Levchuk I. P. Toxic and medicinal damages of a liver/ Manual. Moscow, 2012, 68 p.
      19. Mayev I. V., Polunina T. E. Medicinal damages of a liver. Manual for general practitioners, therapists, gastroenterologists. Moscow, Bionica Media Publ., 2013, 22 p.
      20. Marwick KF, Taylor M, Walker SW. Antipsychotics and abnormal liver function tests: systematic review. Clin Neuropharmacol, 2012, 35 (5), рр. 244–53.
      21. Volkov V. P. A gastrointestinal tract at antipsychotic therapy (review of literature). Part IV: Yatrogenny pathology of a liver (eff ect of typical anti-psychotics) Medical alphabet, 2017, 19 (2). Practical gastroenterology, pp. 39–42.
      22. MacAllister SL, Young C, Guzdek A et al. Molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of chlorpromazine in isolated rat hepatocytes. Can О Physiol Pharmacol, 2013, 91 (1), рр. 56–93.
      23. Naharci MI, Karadurmus N, Demir O et al. Fatal hepatotoxicity in an elderly patient receiving low-dose quetiapine. Am О Psychiat, 2011, 168 (2), рр. 212–3.
      24. Zarowitz BJ. Quetiapine not quiet-a-pine – not a sleeper. Geriat Nurs, 2011, 32 (1), рр. 46–8.
      25. Ivanova E., Ivashchenko D., Savchenko L., Bryun E., Sychev D. Adverse collateral reactions on reception of benzidiazepinovy tranquilizers, in particular at treatment of a syndrome of cancellation of alcohol. Doctor, 2017, no. 9, pp. 9–13.
      26. Lucena MI, Carvajal A, Andrade RJ, Velasco A. Antidepressant-induced hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 2003, 2 (3), рр.249–62.
      27. Chan CY, New LS, Ho HK et al. Reversible time-dependent inhibition of cytochrome P-450 enzymes by duloxetine and inertness of its thiophene ring towards bioactivation. Toxicol Lett, 2011, 206 (3), рр. 314–24.
      28. De Santy KP, Amabile CM. Antidepressant-induced liver injury. Ann Pharmacother, 2007, 41 (7), рр. 1201–11.
      29. Practical recommendations about correction of hepatotoxicity induced by antineoplastic chemotherapy. Experts of the Russian society of oncologists – himioterapists. RUSSCO. Moscow, 2014.
      30. Loginov A. F., Butorova L. I., Loginov V. A. Medicinal damages of a liver: diagnostics and treatment. RMJ. Gastroenterology, 2016, no. 11, pp. 721–727.
      31. Raykhelson K. L., Palgova L. K., Kondrashina E. A. Yu., Marchenko N. V., Baranovsky A. V. Drugs’s damages of a liver. Clinical recommendations for doctors. St. Petersburg, 2017, 116 p.
     


    Full text is published :
    Khlynova O. V., Smirnova E. N., Komarovskaya N. L. Private issues of hepatotoxicity of psychotropic drugs. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;156(8): 125–131. DOI:10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-156-8-125-131
    Read & Download full text

    1. E. A. Vagner Perm State Medical University (614990, Perm, Russia)

    Keywords: estrogenic and gestational drugs, hepatotoxicity

    Abstract: The article presents data of the effi ciency of exogenous sex hormones use in the maintenance of women’s health, their classifi cation, and also the mechanism of action of exogenous estrogens and gestagens from the point of view of “fi rst passage through the liver” was studied in detail. Understanding the importance of hormone therapy for women, a great attention is paid to the problem of ensuring its safety, specifi cally, of the target organ — the liver. The risk factors of hepatotoxicity of exogenous sex hormones are discussed in details, the tactic of early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of liver damage on the background of hormone therapy with estrogenic and gestational drugs is defi ned.

      1. Boroyan R. G. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya dlya akusherov-ginekologov [Clinical pharmacology for obstetrician-gynaecologists]. – M.: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agentstvo – [Medical information Agency], 1999, pp 8–123.
      2. Rukovodstvo po ehndokrinnoj ginekologii [Guide to the endocrine gynecology]. Edited by E. M. Vikhlyaeva. – Мoscow, 2000, pp 768
      3. Smetnik V. P., Tumilovich L. G. Neoperativnaya ginekologiya [Non-operative gynecology]. Moscow, 1997, pp 480.
      4. Karachencev A. N., Kuznecova I. V. Tez. dokl. 10-go Ros. nacion. kongr. “Chelovek i lekarstvo” [Th esis report of the 10th Russian national Congress “Man and medicine”]. Moscow, 2003, pp 502.
      5. Arzamascev A. P., Sadchikova N. O. Ginekol – [Gynecology]. 2001, vol. 3, no. 5, pp 160–166.
      6. Bazisnaya i klinicheskaya farmakologiya [Basic and clinical pharmacology]. Edited by G. B. Katzung. Translation from Eng. (Edited by EH.EH. Zvartau). M-St-Peterburg.: Binom – Nevskij Dialekt – [Binom – Nevskii Dialekt]. 1998–1: pp 53–86. – 2: pp 147–180.
      7. Bueverov A. O. Bolezni organov pishchevareniya (dlya specialistov i vrachej obshchej praktiki) [Diseases of the digestive system (for specialists and general practitioners).]. Biblioteka RMZH – [Library of the Russian Medical Journal]. 2001, vol. 3, no. 1, pp 16–18.
      8. Leise MD, Poterucha JJ, Talwalkar JA. Drug-inducedliver injury. MayoClinProc. – 2014. – № 89 (1). – С. 95–106.
      9. Devarbhavi H, Patil M, Reddy VV et al. Drug-induced acute liver failure in children and adults: Results of a single-centre study of 128 patients. Liver Int. – 2017. – № 9.
      10. Sgro C., Clinard F., Ouazir K. et al. Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology. – 2002. – № 36. – С. 451–455.
      11. Andrade R.J., Lucena M. I., Fermandez M. C. et al. Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology. – 2005. – № 129. – С. 512–521.
      12. Chalasani, N., Fontana, R.J., Bonkovsky, H.L. et al. Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug-induced liver injury in the United States. (1934. e1–4) Gastroenterology. – 2008. – № 135. – С. 1924–1934.
      13. Bjornsson, E.S., Bergmann, O.M., Bjornsson, H.K. et al. Incidence, presentation, and outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury in the general population of Iceland. (1425.e1–3; quiz e19–20) Gastroenterology. –2013. – № 144. – С. 1419–1425.
      14. Zhou, Y., Yang, L., Liao, Z. et al. Epidemiology of drug-induced liver injury in China: a systematic analysis of the Chinese literature including 21 789 patients. Eur J GastroenterolHepatol. – 2013. – № 25. – С. 825–829.
      15. Pandey G., Pandey S. P., Sharma M. Experimental Hepatotoxicity produced by ethinyl estradiol. Toxicol. Int. – 2011. – № 18 (2). – С. 160–162.
      16. Lammert, C., Einarsson, S., Saha, C. et al. Relationship between daily dose of oral medications and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: search for signals. Hepatology. – 2008. – № 47. – С. 2003–2009.
      17. Chen, M., Borlak, J., and Tong, W. High lipophilicity and high daily dose of oral medications are associated with signifi cant risk for drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology. – 2013. – № 58. – С. 388–396.
      18. Lammert, C., Bjornsson, E., Niklasson, A., and Chalasani, N. Oral medications with signifi cant hepatic metabolism at higher risk for hepatic adverse events. Hepatology. – 2010. – № 51. – С. 615–620.
      19. Daly, A.K., Aithal, G.P., Leathart, J.B. et al. Genetic susceptibility to diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity: contribution of UGT2B7, CYP2C8, and ABCC2 genotypes. Gastroenterology. – 2007. – № 132. – С. 27 2–281.
      20. Huang, Y.S., Chern, H.D., Su, W.J. et al. Polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene as a susceptibility risk factor for antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. Hepatology. – 2002. – № 35. – С. 883–889.
      21. Rieder, M.J., Shear, N.H., Kanee, A. et al. Prominence of slow acetylator phenotype among patients with sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions. Clin Pharmacol Th er. – 1991. – № 49. – С. 13–17.
      22. Lang, C., Meier, Y., Stieger, B. et al. Mutations and polymorphisms in the bile salt export pump and the multidrug resistance protein 3 associated with drug-induced liver injury. Pharmacogenet Genomics. – 2007. – № 17. – С. 47–60.
      23. Maslova A. S. Medikamentoznoe porazhenie pecheni pri lechenii narushenij reproduktivnoj funkcii u zhenshchin [Drug-induced liver damage in the treatment of reproductive disorders in women]. Svіtmedicini ta bіologії – [World of medicine and biology]. 2015, vol. 3, no. 51, pp 136–142.
      24. Engineer AD, Gupta V, Tandon P. Liver function tests in patients on oral progestogens. J Obstet Gynaecol India. – 1968 Apr. – № 18(2). – С. 598–605.
      25. Dubossarskaya Z. M., Dubossarskaya YU.A. Reproduktivnaya ehndokrinologiya (perinatal’nye, akusherskie i ginekologicheskie aspekty) [Reproductive endocrinology (perinatal, obstetric and gynecological aspects)]. Dnepropetrovsk, Lira LTD Publ., 2008, pp 414.
      26. Primak A. V. Metabolizm ehstrogenov u zhenshchin (obshchie predstavleniya i klinicheskaya praktika) [Estrogen metabolism in women (General concepts and clinical practice)]. EHsteticheskaya medicina – [Aesthetic medicine]. 2006, vol. 2, pp 208–214.
      27. Karachencev A. N. Gepatobiliarnaya sistema kak mishen’ nezhelatel’nyh ehff ektov lekarstvennyh ehstrogenov i gestagenov [Hepatobiliary system as a target of undesirable eff ects of medicinal estrogens and gestagens]. Rossijskij vestnik akushera-ginekologa – [Russian Bulletin of obstetrician-gynecologist]. 2004, vol. 6, pp 20–25.
      28. Ignatova T. M. Zabolevaniya pecheni u beremennyh [Liver disease in pregnant women]. Medicinskij vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza – [Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus]. 2009, vol. 2, pp 88–93.
      29. Kulakov V. I., Serov V. N., Abakarova P. R. Racional’naya farmakoterapiya v akusherstve i ginekologii [Rational pharmacotherapy in obstetrics and gynecology]. Rukovodstvo dlya praktikuyushchih vrachej – [Guidelines for medical practitioners]. Moscow, Littera Publ., 2005, pp 1152.
      30. Lihachev V. K. Prakticheskaya ginekologiya [Practical gynecology]. Moscow, MIA Publ., 2007, pp 663.
      31. Reporting adverse drug reactions defi nitions of terms and criteria for their use. Geneva: CIOMS, 1999.
      32. Fontana, R.J., Seeff , L.B., Andrade, R.J. et al. Standardization of nomenclature and causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury: summary of a clinical research workshop. Hepatology. – 2010. – № 52. – С. 730–742.
      33. Textbook of Hepatology, From Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Th ird edition, sections 1–10 and index. Chapter 14.1. Drug-induced liver injury. Dominique Pessayreand Dominique Larrey:1211–77.
      34. Gepatotoksichnye lekarstvennye sredstva. Obzor lekarstvennyh sredstv, gepatotoksicheskie vozdejstviya kotoryh dokazany (referaty) [Hepatotoxic drugs. Review of drugs with proven hepatotoxic eff ects (abstracts)]. Top-Medicina – [Top Medicine]. 2001, vol. 5, pp 16.
      35. Nikitin I. G., Storozhakov G. I. V kn.: Bolezni pecheni i zhelchevyvodyashchih putej: rukovodstvo dlya vrachej [In the book.: Liver and biliary diseases: a guide for doctors]. Edited by V. T. Ivashkin. Moscow, 2002, pp 122–131.
      36. Sherlok SH., Duli Dzh. Zabolevaniya pecheni i zhelchevyvodyashchih putej. Praktich. Ruk [Diseases of the liver and biliary tract. Practical guide]: Translation from Eng. Edited by Z. G. Aprosina, N. A. Muhin. Moscow, 2002, pp 386–423.
      37. Ivashkin V. T., Drapkina O. M., Maev I. V. and other. Rasprostranennost’ nealkogol’noj zhirovoj bolezni pecheni u pacientov ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoj praktiki v Rossijskoj Federacii: rezul’taty issledovaniya DIREG 2 [Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients of outpatient practice in the Russian Federation: results of the DIREG 2 study]. Rossijsk. zhurn. gastroehnter., gepatol. i koloproktol – [Russian journal gastroenterology, hepatology and coloproctology]. 2015, vol. 6, pp 31–41.
      38. Davern, T.J., Chalasani, N., Fontana, R.J. et al. Acute hepatitis E infection accounts for some cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology. – 2011. – № 141. – С. 1665–1672.
      39. Dalton, H.R., Fellows, H.J., Stableforth, W. et al. Th e role of hepatitis E virus testing in drug-induced liver injury. AlimentPharmacolTh er. – 2007. – № 26. – С. 1429–1435.
      40. Danan G, Benichou C. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs-I. A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: application to drug-induced liver injuries. J Clin Epidemiol. – 1993. – № 46. – С. 1323–30.
      41. Eremina E. YU. Lekarstvennye porazheniya pecheni [Drug-induced liver injury]. Gastroehnterologiya Sankt-Peterburga – [Gastroenterology Of St. Petersburg]. 2012, vol. 1, pp 16–23.
      42. Nathwani R.A. and Kaplowitz N. Drug hepatotoxicity. Clin Liver Dis. 2006.
      43. Sadovnikova I. V., Sadovnikova V. V. Kliniko-ehksperimental’noe obosnovanie ursosanoterapii pri toksicheskom medikamentoznom gepatite [Clinical and experimental substantiation of Ursosan therapy in toxic drug-induced hepatitis]. Ros.zhurn. gastroehnterol., gepatol., koloproktol – [Russian journal gastroenterology, hepatology and coloproctology]. 2007, vol. 1, no. 17, pp 69.
      44. Ivashkin V. T., SHirokova E.N., Maevskaya M. V. and other. Klinicheskie rekomendacii Rossijskoj gastroehnterologicheskoj associacii i Rossijskogo obshchestva po izucheniyu pecheni po diagnostike i lecheniyu holestaza [Clinical recommendations of the Russian gastroenterological Association and the Russian society for the study of the liver for the diagnosis and treatment of cholestasis]. RZHGGK. 2015, vol. 25, no. 2, pp 41–57. DOI: 10.22416/1382–4376–2016–26–2–24–42
      45. Prakticheskie rekomendacii EASL po vedeniyu ostroj (molnienosnoj) pechenochnoj nedostatochnosti [EASL practical guidelines for management of acute (fulminant) liver failure]. JournalofHepatology. 2017, vol. 66, pp 1047–1081.
     


    Full text is published :
    Vologzhanina L. G., Borodina E. N. Liver — is the target organ of the hormone therapy in women. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;156(8): 132–139.
    Read & Download full text